A GABRA2 Polymorphism Improves a Model for Prediction of Drinking Initiation
Survival analysis was used to explore the addition of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and covariates (sex, interview age, and ancestry) on a previously published model ’s ability to predict onset of drinking. A SNP variant of rs279871, in the chromosome 4 gene encoding gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRA2), was selected due to its associations with alcoholism in young adults and with behaviors that increased risk for early drinking. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - June 28, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Samuel Kuperman, Grace Chan, John Kramer, Leah Wetherill, Laura Acion, Howard J. Edenberg, Tatiana M. Foroud, John Nurnberger, Arpana Agrawal, Andrey Anokhin, Andrew Brooks, Victor Hesselbrock, Michie Hesselbrock, Marc Schuckit, Jay Tischfield, Xiangtao L Source Type: research

Persistent Negative Effects of Alcohol Drinking on Aspects of Novelty-directed Behavior in Male Rhesus Macaques
Humans with histories of prolonged heavy alcohol use exhibit poorer performance on cognitive tasks associated with problem solving, short-term memory, and visuospatial reasoning, even following the cessation of drinking, when compared with healthy controls. It is unclear, however, whether the cognitive problems are a consequence of alcohol exposure or a contributing factor to alcohol-use disorders. Here, we examined the relationship between performance on a novel object recognition (NOR) task and total alcohol consumption (TAC) in adult male rhesus macaques (n = 12; ETH group; trained to self-administer alcohol). (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - June 24, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Cassie M. Chandler, Meagan E. Follett, Nicholas J. Porter, Kevin Y. Liang, Eric J. Vallender, Gregory M. Miller, James K. Rowlett, Donna M. Platt Source Type: research

Increased expression of M1 and M2 phenotypic markers in isolated microglia after four-day binge alcohol exposure in male rats
Microglia activation and neuroinflammation are common features of neurodegenerative conditions, including alcohol use disorders (AUDs). When activated, microglia span a continuum of diverse phenotypes ranging from classically activated, pro-inflammatory (M1) microglia/macrophages to alternatively activated, growth-promoting (M2) microglia/macrophages. Identifying microglia phenotypes is critical for understanding the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AUDs. Therefore, male rats were gavaged with 25% (w/v) ethanol or isocaloric control diet every 8  h for 4 days and sacrificed at 0, 2, 4, and 7 days after alcohol exp...
Source: Alcohol - June 20, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Hui Peng, Chelsea R.G. Nickell, Kevin Y. Chen, Justin A. McClain, Kimberly Nixon Source Type: research

Efficient determination of six fatty acid ethyl ethers in human whole blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) have been widely studied as specific markers of ethanol intake and mediators of ethanol-induced diseases. In the present study, a simple and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of six fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), including ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl arachidonate, in human whole blood. FAEEs were extracted from 200 μL of human whole blood by a modified liquid-liquid extraction, and the hexane layer was injected directly into GC-MS with ethyl ...
Source: Alcohol - June 15, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Jiaolun Li, Xinyu Zhang, Zebin Lin, Zhibin Huang, Yulan Rao Source Type: research

Drinking and Smoking Patterns during Pregnancy: Development of Group-based Trajectories in the Safe Passage Study
Precise identification of drinking and smoking patterns during pregnancy is crucial to better understand the risk to the fetus. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the methodological approach used to define prenatal drinking and smoking trajectories from a large prospective pregnancy cohort, and to describe maternal characteristics associated with different exposure patterns. In the Safe Passage Study, detailed information regarding quantity, frequency, and timing of exposure was self-reported up to four times during pregnancy and at 1 month post-delivery. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - June 14, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Kimberly Dukes, Tara Tripp, Marian Willinger, Hein Odendaal, Amy J. Elliott, Hannah C. Kinney, Fay Robinson, Julie M. Petersen, Cheryl Raffo, Dale Hereld, Coen Groenewald, Jyoti Angal, Gary Hankins, Larry Burd, William P. Fifer, Michael M. Myers, Howard J Source Type: research

A modified Timeline Followback assessment to capture alcohol exposure in pregnant women: Application in the Safe Passage Study
The objective of this manuscript is to describe the rationale for, and feasibility of, modifications to the traditional Timeline Followback (TLFB) for collecting PAE information in a large cohort of pregnant women. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - June 14, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Kimberly Dukes, Tara Tripp, Julie Petersen, Fay Robinson, Hein Odendaal, Amy Elliott, Marian Willinger, Dale Hereld, Cheryl Raffo, Hannah C. Kinney, Coen Groenewald, Jyoti Angal, Rebecca Young, Larry Burd, PASS Network Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - June 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Table of Contents
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Source: Alcohol - June 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Instructions to Authors
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Source: Alcohol - June 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Lobeline attenuates ethanol abstinence-induced depression-like behavior in mice
Evidence indicates that the brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) ligand lobeline reduces depression-like behaviors, ethanol drinking, and nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of lobeline on ethanol abstinence-induced depression-like behavior and associated neuroadaptive changes in mice. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were allowed to drink 10% ethanol for 4 weeks using a two-bottle choice procedure. Mice were tested after 24  h and 14 days of ethanol abstinence in a forced swim test (FST), a measure for depression-like behavior. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 26, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Monzurul Amin Roni, Shafiqur Rahman Source Type: research

Maternal alcohol exposure during mid-pregnancy dilates fetal cerebral arteries via endocannabinoid receptors
Prenatal alcohol exposure often results in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Mechanisms of fetal brain damage by alcohol remain unclear. We used baboons (Papio spp.) to study alcohol-driven changes in the fetal cerebral artery endocannabinoid system. Pregnant baboons were subjected to binge alcohol exposure via gastric infusion three times during a period equivalent to the second trimester of human pregnancy. A control group was infused with orange-flavored drink that was isocaloric to the alcohol-containing solution. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 18, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Olga Seleverstov, Ana Tobiasz, J. Scott Jackson, Ryan Sullivan, Dejian Ma, J. Pierce Sullivan, Steven Davison, Yada Akkhawattanangkul, Danielle L. Tate, Terry Costello, Stacey Barnett, Wei Li, Giancarlo Mari, Alex M. Dopico, Anna N. Bukiya Source Type: research

A prospective cohort study examining the effectiveness of baclofen in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol use disorder patients attending a joint liver and alcohol treatment clinic
Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is the leading cause of alcohol-related mortality in the UK. Helping patients with ARLD to stop drinking is an important treatment goal. The aim of this study is to explore baclofen's utility in maintaining abstinence. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 15, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Lynn Owens, Andrew Thompson, Abi Rose, Ian Gilmore, Munir Pirmohamed, Paul Richardson Source Type: research

Impact of adolescent alcohol use across the lifespan: Long-lasting tolerance to high-dose alcohol coupled with potentiated spatial memory impairments to moderate-dose alcohol
Understanding how alcohol exposure during adolescence affects aging is a critical but understudied area. In the present study, male rats were exposed to either alcohol or saline during adolescence, then tested every 4 months following either an ethanol or saline challenge; animals were tested until postnatal day (PD) 532. It was found that long-lasting tolerance to high-dose ethanol exists through the test period, as measured by loss of righting reflex, while tolerance to lower doses of ethanol is not found. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 4, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Douglas B. Matthews, Adelle Novier, Jaime L. Diaz-Granados, Candice E. Van Skike, Laura Ornelas, G. Mittleman Source Type: research

Genome-wide profiling of differentially spliced mRNAs in human fetal cortical tissue exposed to alcohol
Excessive alcohol consumption results in significant changes in gene expression and isoforms due to altered mRNA splicing. As such, an intriguing possibility is that disturbances in alternative splicing are involved in key pathological pathways triggered by alcohol exposure. However, no resources have been available to systematically analyze this possibility at a genome-wide scale. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of human fetal cortical slices that were obtained at the late first trimester and exposed to ethanol or control medium. (Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 3, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Yuka Imamura Kawasawa, Shahid Mohammad, Alexander I. Son, Hiroki Morizono, Aiesha Basha, Anna C. Salzberg, Masaaki Torii, Kazue Hashimoto-Torii Source Type: research

Title Page
(Source: Alcohol)
Source: Alcohol - May 1, 2017 Category: Addiction Source Type: research