Moderate-high intensity exercise associates with reduced incident alcohol-associated liver disease in high-risk patients
Conclusions: In our cohort, patients with AUD who reported moderate-high intensity exercise showed a lower association with incidence of ALD development than patients who did not exercise. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - August 10, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Relationship between drinking risk and preferences for helping resources among emerging adults living in disadvantaged communities in the Southeastern United States
AbstractCompared to campus-based alcohol interventions for college students, services for emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers who reside off-campus in disadvantaged communities are not well established. This web survey assessed drinking practices, problems, and preferences for professional and lay helping resources spanning digital and in-person formats among community-dwelling EAs to guide services for them and determine whether drinking risk levels varied by preferences for help. Digital respondent-driven sampling recruited EA risky drinkers from disadvantaged communities (N = 356;M age  = 23.6 years, 64.0% women...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - August 10, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Neuroanatomical predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal studies
ConclusionsThis is the first systematic review to map out the existing literature on neuroanatomical predictors of problematic drinking in adolescents. Future research should focus on the aforementioned regions to determine their role in predicting future problematic drinking with more certainty. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - August 8, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department alcohol intoxication presentations and positive screens for problem drinking
AbstractOur aim was to assess the changes in patients presenting with acute alcohol intoxications or positive screens for problem drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic in a seven-hospital health system. A retrospective chart review of emergency department (ED) visits from seven hospitals in the Washington, DC/Baltimore, and MD area from January 2019 to June 2021 is provided. The health system utilizes a validated system for Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for ED patients. We evaluated trends in patients who had a positive SBIRT screen for problem drinking (AU...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - August 8, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Efficacy of psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol use in comorbid alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
AbstractThis systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42021234598) fills a gap in the literature by assessing the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), focusing on drinking reduction and abstinence as intervention goals. A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted across various databases. Study screening and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. The data were presented through narrative synthesis. Primary outcomes were alcohol reduction and abstinence at the longest follow-up. Ten RCTs were include...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - August 1, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
This study investigated the need for diazepam during acute alcohol withdrawal in patients receiving baclofen. In a single-blind, dose-dependent randomized controlled trial with three study arms, 63 patients with alcohol use disorder, starting in-patient benzodiazepine-assisted alcohol detoxification, were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 18), baclofen 30 mg/day (N = 20), or baclofen 60 mg/day (N = 25) for 7 days. Diazepam was provided as needed based on the withdrawal symptoms stated by Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-revised. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients i...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - July 31, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

N acetylcysteine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
AbstractN-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a potent antioxidant that modulates glutamatergic signalling which is thought to play a role in alcohol use disorder (AUD). There have been no clinical trials investigating NAC for AUD. We aimed to conduct a 28  day double-blind, placebo-controlled (PL) randomized trial of NAC in the treatment of AUD (NCT03879759). A total of 42 participants with AUD (56% alcohol-related liver disease) were randomized to receive placebo or NAC 2400 mg/day. Feasibility outcomes included treatment retention and adverse eve nts. Primary clinical outcomes included alcohol consumption (heavy drinking days, s...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - July 18, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Factors associated with discharge against medical advice in alcohol withdrawal patients
This study aimed to examine characteristics associated with discharge against medical advice from the hospital in alcohol withdrawal patients, supporting the work of hospital staff and Alcohol Care Teams and identifying characteristics that may help target patients most likely to discharge against medical advice. We used Hospital Episode Statistics Data to identify demographic and clinical variables and compare these in alcohol withdrawal patients who discharged against medical advice from hospital, compared with those who were discharged by the clinical team. Factors significantly associated with alcohol withdrawal patien...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - July 14, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

The global burden of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
The objectives of the current study were to investigate the global prevalence and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for AC and ALC, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. The correlations between the age-standardized incidence rate or age-standardized death rate and gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and alcohol usage were conducted by Generalized Linear Models. Globally, the changes of age...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - July 14, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Determinants of addiction: neurobiological, behavioural, cognitive and sociocultural factors
. Justin R. Yates. Academic Press; 2023. ISBN: 978-0-323-90578-7; 578 pp.; $150. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - June 19, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism moderates the relationship between impulsivity, negative emotions, and binge drinking intensity in university students
AbstractStudies on the genetic factors involved in binge drinking (BD) and its associated traits are very rare. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate differences in the association between impulsivity, emotion regulation and BD in a sample of young adults according to the rs6265/Val66Met variant in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, a well-known candidate gene in alcohol use disorders. We recruited 226 university students (112 women), aged between 18 and 25  years old, from two centers in France. The participants completed measures related to alcohol consumption, depression severity, sta...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - June 17, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Examining the predictive potential of depressed mood and alcohol misuse on risky driving
Conclusions: These findings identify alcohol misuse as a predictor of risky driving 3 years after baseline among male DWI offenders. This enhances our prediction of risky driving, extending beyond the widely researched acute impacts of alcohol by exploring chronic patterns. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - June 14, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Magnesium in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
(Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - June 13, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Risky drinking and other drug use in adults with chronic conditions in the United States: differential associations by race/ethnicity
This study examines racial/ethnic differences in the associations between risky drinking and other drug use in adults with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or cancer. Multiple logistic regression modeling, stratified by condition, was performed using a nationally representative sample of adults drawn from the 2015 to 2019 National Survey on Drug and Health. The outcome was risky drinking (consuming more than 7/14 drinks weekly). Other drugs considered were tobacco, marijuana, illicit drugs, and non-medical prescription drugs. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, marital/cohabitation status, health insuran...
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - June 1, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research

Ghrelin and impulsivity relationship in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy individuals
Conclusions: Ghrelin–impulsivity relationship could be observed in certain dimensions of impulsivity in both alcohol-dependent and healthy individuals and even independent of the effect of alcohol. Although the associated impulsivity dimensions differ in different groups, the results are parallel to other studies in terms of demonstrating the relationship between ghrelin and impulsivity. (Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism)
Source: Alcohol and Alcoholism - May 8, 2023 Category: Addiction Source Type: research