AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Exposure to cigarette smoke abrogates the beneficial effect of ischemic postconditioning
In conclusion, exposure to CS does not per se increase infarct size. The beneficial effect of ischemic PreC is preserved in mice exposed to CS, as it does not affect the cardioprotective signaling; in contrast, PostC fails to protect CS-exposed mice due to impaired activation of the Akt/eNOS/cGMP axis that occurs in parallel to enhanced oxidative stress. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bibli, S.-I., Andreadou, I., Glynos, C., Chatzianastasiou, A., Toumpanakis, D., Zakynthinos, S., Vasilakopoulos, T., Iliodromitis, E. K., Papapetropoulos, A. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Vagal stimulation targets select populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons to control neurally induced atrial fibrillation
In conclusion, VNS preferentially targets convergent LCNs and their interactive coherence to mitigate the potential for neurally induced AF. The antiarrhythmic properties imposed by VNS exhibit memory. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Salavatian, S., Beaumont, E., Longpre, J.-P., Armour, J. A., Vinet, A., Jacquemet, V., Shivkumar, K., Ardell, J. L. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Exercise intensity modulates the appearance of circulating microvesicles with proangiogenic potential upon endothelial cells
The effect of endurance exercise on circulating microvesicle dynamics and their impact on surrounding endothelial cells is unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that exercise intensity modulates the time course of platelet (PMV) and endothelial-derived (EMV) microvesicle appearance in the circulation through hemodynamic and biochemical-related mechanisms, and that microvesicles formed during exercise would stimulate endothelial angiogenesis in vitro. Nine healthy young men had venous blood samples taken before, during, and throughout the recovery period after 1 h of moderate [46 ± 2% maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max)]...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wilhelm, E. N., Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Parris, C., Rakobowchuk, M. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Cardiac-deleterious role of galectin-3 in chronic angiotensin II-induced hypertension
In conclusion, in ANG II-induced hypertension, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevented LV dysfunction without affecting blood pressure or LV hypertrophy. This study indicates that the ANG II effects are, in part, mediated or triggered by Gal-3 together with the related intercellular signaling (ICAM-1 and IL-6), leading to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gonzalez, G. E., Rhaleb, N.- E., D'Ambrosio, M. A., Nakagawa, P., Liao, T.-D., Peterson, E. L., Leung, P., Dai, X., Janic, B., Liu, Y.-H., Yang, X.-P., Carretero, O. A. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Vascular function assessed by passive leg movement and flow-mediated dilation: initial evidence of construct validity
The vasodilatory response to passive leg movement (PLM) appears to provide a novel, noninvasive assessment of vascular function. However, PLM has yet to be compared with the established noninvasive assessment of vascular health, flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Therefore, as an initial evaluation of the construct validity of PLM and upright seated and supine PLM as well as brachial (BA) and superficial femoral (SFA) artery FMDs were performed in 10 young (22 ± 1) and 30 old (73 ± 2) subjects. During upright seated PLM, the peak change in leg blood flow (LBF) and leg vascular conductance (LVC) was significantly c...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rossman, M. J., Groot, H. J., Garten, R. S., Witman, M. A. H., Richardson, R. S. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Interaction between the muscle metaboreflex and the arterial baroreflex in control of arterial pressure and skeletal muscle blood flow
The muscle metaboreflex and arterial baroreflex regulate arterial pressure through distinct mechanisms. During submaximal exercise muscle metaboreflex activation (MMA) elicits a pressor response virtually solely by increasing cardiac output (CO) while baroreceptor unloading increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) primarily through peripheral vasoconstriction. The interaction between the two reflexes when activated simultaneously has not been well established. We activated the muscle metaboreflex in chronically instrumented canines during dynamic exercise (via graded reductions in hindlimb blood flow; HLBF) followed by simul...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kaur, J., Alvarez, A., Hanna, H. W., Krishnan, A. C., Senador, D., Machado, T. M., Altamimi, Y. H., Lovelace, A. T., Dombrowski, M. D., Spranger, M. D., O'Leary, D. S. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Resistance-based interval exercise acutely improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes
In conclusion, R-INT acutely improves endothelial function throughout the 2-h postexercise period in T2D patients. The long-term impact of resistance exercise performed in an interval pattern is warranted. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Francois, M. E., Durrer, C., Pistawka, K. J., Halperin, F. A., Little, J. P. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial tRNA mutation with high-salt stimulation on cardiac damage: underlying mechanism associated with change of Bax and VDAC
Mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) mutation with high-salt stimulation can cause high blood pressure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the potential molecular mechanisms of cardiac damage caused by mitochondrial tRNA mutation with high-salt stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Unanesthetized, 44-wk-old, male, SHR were divided into four groups: SHR, SHR with high-salt stimulation for 8 wk (SHR + NaCl), SHR carrying tRNA mutations (SHR + M), and SHR + M with high-salt stimulation for 8 wk (SHR + M + NaCl). Healthy Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as control...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chao, Z., Liuyang, T., Nan, L., Qi, C., Zhongqi, C., Yang, L., Yuqi, L. Tags: Call for Papers: Plasma Membrane Integrity in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathology Source Type: research

The chromatin-binding protein Smyd1 restricts adult mammalian heart growth
All terminally differentiated organs face two challenges, maintaining their cellular identity and restricting organ size. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these decisions are of critical importance to organismal development, and perturbations in their normal balance can lead to disease. A hallmark of heart failure, a condition affecting millions of people worldwide, is hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. The various forms of heart failure in human and animal models share conserved transcriptome remodeling events that lead to expression of genes normally silenced in the healthy adult heart. However, the chromatin...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Franklin, S., Kimball, T., Rasmussen, T. L., Rosa-Garrido, M., Chen, H., Tran, T., Miller, M. R., Gray, R., Jiang, S., Ren, S., Wang, Y., Tucker, H. O., Vondriska, T. M. Tags: Call for Papers: Cardiovascular Epigentics -- Phenotypes and Mechanisms Source Type: research

Oh, the places you'll go! My many colored serotonin (apologies to Dr. Seuss)
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] has a truly fascinating history in the cardiovascular world. Discovered in the blood, 5-HT has long been appropriately regarded as a vasoconstrictor. A multitude of in vitro studies of isolated vessels support that addition of 5-HT causes vascular contraction. In only a few cases was 5-HT a vasodilator. Moreover, the potency and threshold of 5-HT causing contraction is increased in arteries from hypertensive vs. normotensive subjects, both animal and human. As such, we and others have hypothesized that 5-HT would contribute to hypertension by elevating arterial tone. In stark contrast...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Watts, S. W. Tags: Special Review Articles Source Type: research

GLP-1 inhibits VEGFA-mediated signaling in isolated human endothelial cells and VEGFA-induced dilation of rat mesenteric arteries
In conclusion, GLP-1 reduced relaxation induced by VEGFA in resistance arteries by inhibiting VEGFR2-mediated Ca2+ signaling and endothelial NO synthesis. GLP-1, on its own, also induced phosphorylation of Src and ERK1/2 that can lead to proliferation and is implicated in vessel permeability. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Egholm, C., Khammy, M. M., Dalsgaard, T., Mazur, A., Tritsaris, K., Hansen, A. J., Aalkjaer, C., Dissing, S. Tags: Vascular Biology and Microcirculation Source Type: research

Selective head cooling during neonatal seizures prevents postictal cerebral vascular dysfunction without reducing epileptiform activity
Epileptic seizures in neonates cause cerebrovascular injury and impairment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. In the bicuculline model of seizures in newborn pigs, we tested the hypothesis that selective head cooling prevents deleterious effects of seizures on cerebral vascular functions. Preventive or therapeutic ictal head cooling was achieved by placing two head ice packs during the preictal and/or ictal states, respectively, for the ~2-h period of seizures. Head cooling lowered the brain and core temperatures to 25.6 ± 0.3 and 33.5 ± 0.1°C, respectively. Head cooling had no anticonvulsant effect...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Harsono, M., Pourcyrous, M., Jolly, E. J., de Jongh Curry, A., Fedinec, A. L., Liu, J., Basuroy, S., Zhuang, D., Leffler, C. W., Parfenova, H. Tags: Vascular Biology and Microcirculation Source Type: research

TNF receptor signaling inhibits cardiomyogenic differentiation of cardiac stem cells and promotes a neuroadrenergic-like fate
Despite expansion of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs; c-kit+Lin–) after myocardial infarction, endogenous repair processes are insufficient to prevent adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure (HF). This suggests that the microenvironment in post-ischemic and failing hearts compromises CSC regenerative potential. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), are increased after infarction and in HF; whether they modulate CSC function is unknown. As the effects of TNF are specific to its two receptors (TNFRs), we tested the hypothesis that TNF differentially modulates CSC function in a TNFR...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hamid, T., Xu, Y., Ismahil, M. A., Li, Q., Jones, S. P., Bhatnagar, A., Bolli, R., Prabhu, S. D. Tags: Signaling and Stress Response Source Type: research

Exercise training improves neurovascular control and calcium cycling gene expression in patients with heart failure with cardiac resynchronization therapy
In conclusion, the exercise training in the setting of CRT improves exercise tolerance and neurovascular control and alters Ca2+-handling gene expression in the skeletal muscle of patients with systolic HF. These findings highlight the importance of including exercise training in the treatment of patients with HF even following CRT. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nobre, T. S., Antunes-Correa, L. M., Groehs, R. V., Alves, M. J. N. N., Sarmento, A. O., Bacurau, A. V., Urias, U., Alves, G. B., Rondon, M. U. P. B., Brum, P. C., Martinelli, M., Middlekauff, H. R., Negrao, C. E. Tags: Muscle Mechanics and Ventricular Function Source Type: research

Arterial baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes
Despite greater blood pressure reactivity to acute cardiovascular stressors and a higher prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, limited information is available regarding arterial baroreflex (ABR) control in T2D. We hypothesized that ABR control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and heart rate (HR) are attenuated in T2D patients. Seventeen T2D patients (50 ± 2 yr; 31 ± 1 kg/m2), 9 weight-matched controls (WM-CON, 46 ± 2 yr; 32 ± 2 kg/m2) and 10 lean controls (Lean-CON, 49 ± 3 yr; 23 ± 1 kg/m2), underwent bolus infusions of sodium nitroprusside (100 ...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 31, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Holwerda, S. W., Vianna, L. C., Restaino, R. M., Chaudhary, K., Young, C. N., Fadel, P. J. Tags: Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research