AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Lack of VEGFR2 signaling causes maldevelopment of the intestinal microvasculature and facilitates necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice
In conclusion, we found that VEGF-A and VEGFR2 proteins are highly expressed in the intestine before birth, and are significantly downregulated in the immediate neonatal period. Furthermore, VEGFR2 signaling is necessary to maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal microvasculature during the postnatal period and lack of VEGFR2 signaling predisposes to NEC in neonatal mice. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Yan, X., Managlia, E., Liu, S. X., Tan, X.-D., Wang, X., Marek, C., De Plaen, I. G. Tags: TRANSLATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research

Rapid disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction and barrier dysfunction by ionizing radiation in mouse colon in vivo: protection by N-acetyl-L-cysteine
The goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on apical junctions in colonic epithelium and mucosal barrier function in mice in vivo. Adult mice were subjected to total body irradiation (4 Gy) with or without N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) feeding for 5 days before irradiation. At 2–24 h postirradiation, the integrity of colonic epithelial tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and the actin cytoskeleton was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis of detergent-insoluble fractions for TJ and AJ proteins. The barrier function was evaluated by measuring vascular-...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Shukla, P. K., Gangwar, R., Manda, B., Meena, A. S., Yadav, N., Szabo, E., Balogh, A., Lee, S. C., Tigyi, G., Rao, R. Tags: EPITHELIAL BIOLOGY AND SECRETION Source Type: research

Distinct miRNA profiles in normal and gastric cancer myofibroblasts and significance in Wnt signaling
We report now the differential expression of miRNAs in gastric cancer CAMs. MicroRNA arrays identified differences in the miRNA profile in gastric and esophageal NTMs and in CAMs from stomach compared with NTMs. miR-181d was upregulated in gastric CAMs. Analysis of differentially regulated miRNAs indicated an involvement in Wnt signaling. Examination of a microarray data set then identified Wnt5a as the only consistently upregulated Wnt ligand in gastric CAMs. Wnt5a stimulated miR-181d expression, and knockdown of miR-181d inhibited Wnt5a stimulation of CAM proliferation and migration. Analysis of miR-181d targets suggeste...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Wang, L., Steele, I., Kumar, J. D., Dimaline, R., Jithesh, P. V., Tiszlavicz, L., Reisz, Z., Dockray, G. J., Varro, A. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Esophageal contractions in type 3 achalasia esophagus: simultaneous or peristaltic?
Absence of peristalsis and impaired relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter are the hallmarks of achalasia esophagus. Based on the pressurization patterns, achalasia has been subdivided into three subtypes. The goal of our study was to evaluate the esophageal contraction pattern and bolus clearance in type 3 achalasia esophagus. High-resolution manometry (HRM) recordings of all patients diagnosed with achalasia esophagus in our center between the years 2011 and 2013 were reviewed. Recordings of 36 patients with type 3 achalasia were analyzed for the characteristics of swallow-induced "simultaneous esophageal contraction."...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Kim, T. H., Patel, N., Ledgerwood-Lee, M., Mittal, R. K. Tags: NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY Source Type: research

Selective portal vein injection for the design of syngeneic models of liver malignancy
Liver metastases are the most frequent cause of death due to colorectal cancer (CRC). Syngeneic orthotopic animal models, based on the grafting of cancer cells or tissue in host liver, are efficient systems for studying liver tumors and their (patho)physiological environment. Here we describe selective portal vein injection as a novel tool to generate syngeneic orthotopic models of liver tumors that avoid most of the weaknesses of existing syngeneic models. By combining portal vein injection of cancer cells with the selective clamping of distal liver lobes, tumor growth is limited to specific lobes. When applied on MC-38 C...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Limani, P., Borgeaud, N., Linecker, M., Tschuor, C., Kachaylo, E., Schlegel, A., Jang, J.-H., Ungethüm, U., Montani, M., Graf, R., Humar, B., Clavien, P.-A. Tags: INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY Source Type: research