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Evaluation of available diagnostic techniques for feline infectious peritonitis
In most cats, feline coronavirus (FCoV) is transmitted by fecal-oral contamination at an early age and causes subclinical disease or mild, transient enteritis. However, when the virus mutates within a susceptible host, the ability of the virus to replicate in macrophages can be enhanced. The mutated forms of FCoV develop in fewer than 5% of cats with FCoV, but this process causes a fatal disease — feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).1 Mutated forms of FCoV that cause FIP are renamed feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Amy L. Macneill Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues
Because of the natural occurrence of strong anti-A and varied anti-B alloantibodies, feline patients and blood donors are blood typed for the AB blood group system and/or crossmatched in order to assure blood type compatibility. Crossmatching is particularly indicated after prior transfusions but is not generally performed for a first transfusion. Transfusions are far less frequently performed in cats than in dogs for various reasons, including fewer clinical signs associated with anemia, fewer bleeding problems, the need to sedate donor cats, and difficulties in collecting and processing blood. (Source: Advances in Small ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research

Renal injury and death following hydroxyethyl starch administration in dogs
Hydroxyethyl starches (HESs) are artificial colloid fluid solutions administered intravenously to provide volume expansion and oncotic support. Clinical use is widespread in small animal veterinary medicine. The available information reports that HES is effective at increasing systolic blood pressure and oncotic pressure but also that HES use causes changes in coagulation function with decreased platelet function and reductions in coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor activities. To date, no clinical studies on veterinary patients have investigated the adverse effects resulting from HES use or whether use of HE...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Impact of mitotic and KI67 indices on prognosis in mast cell tumors in dogs
The histologic grade is the most commonly used prognostic indicator for cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the dog. The majority of dogs with high-grade tumors die from the disease within a year after local therapy. Most dogs with low-grade tumors are cured with local excision. The behavior of intermediate (grade 2) MCTs is more difficult to predict, since approximately 75% of cases behave as low-grade whereas the remaining 25% behave more aggressively. The use of proliferation markers to differentiate MCTs with aggressive behavior from those more benign forms of growth is available for use in clinical practice. (Source:...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research

Risk factors for dehiscence of stapled intestinal anastomoses in dogs
Stapled functional end-to-end anastomosis (SFEEA) is reported to be a safe and effective technique for apposing intestinal segments in human and veterinary medicine. Reported advantages over hand-sewn anastomosis include speed, consistency, repeatability, decreased tissue trauma, improved blood supply to the anastomosis site, superior strength during the lag phase of wound healing, immediate high burst strength, and the ability to appose two portions of bowel with large differences in lumen diameter. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Complication rates after bilateral versus unilateral total ear ablation
Total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA-LBO) is a demanding and often lengthy salvage procedure that involves excision of the entire ear canal and partial removal of the tympanic bulla to help expose and debride the tympanic cavity. TECA-LBO is performed for management of end-stage ear inflammatory disease, auricular neoplasia, aural cholesteatoma, extensive ear canal trauma, irreversible hyperplastic horizontal ear canal disease, and failure of conservative ear surgeries such as vertical ear canal ablation or lateral ear canal resection. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Joint disorders, cancer and urinary incontinence in early neutered german shepherd dogs
The practice of neutering has become routine in the United States in the last 3 decades. In the U.S., neutering is commonly being performed prior to 6 months. Neutering (spaying females and neutering males), especially in the first year, can come with costs regarding debilitating joint disorders. An increase in some cancers has been reported with neutering. Several tumor types were compared in this study. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - September 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Orthopedics) Source Type: research

A Clinician's Viewpoints on Wellness and the Human-Animal Bond in Practice
Almost every member of the veterinary health care team has been directly or indirectly touched by diminished mental wellness. The importance of this issue was highlighted by a 2015 study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which reported that veterinarians suffer higher rates of suicidal thoughts and depression compared to the general adult population. Other recent studies affirm that the rate of suicide in the veterinary profession has been close to twice that of the dental profession1 and more than twice that of other medical professions. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Gregory K. Ogilvie Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research

Welfare of dog training with training collars compared to reward based training
The use of collar-mounted electronic training aids, such as radio fence systems to deter roaming, anti-bark devices, and manually operated remote training devices, is controversial. The arguments for and against their use have recently been reviewed by the Companion Animal Welfare Council, which also highlighted the emotional level of argument used and lack of scientific evidence to draw solid scientific conclusions for welfare-based policy decisions on this matter. There is a lack of description of the immediate responses of animals to the use of these devices in the scientific literature on which to base scientific and p...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Behavior Source Type: research

Fecal concentration of intestinal alkaline phosphatase between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathy
Chronic enteropathy (CE) is an idiopathic disorder characterized by persistent clinical signs associated with the gastrointestinal tract with or without histologic evidence of intestinal inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease is a CE. The most commonly diagnosed CE in dogs is lymphoplasmacytic enteritis. The pathogenesis of this disease process is not understood. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Risk factors for chronic renal disease in cats
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence in both humans and domestic cats. Chronic kidney disease is de fined as a sustained decrease in renal function over at least 3 months. It is not a single entity but a heterogeneous syndrome resulting in loss of functioning renal mass. The disease syndrome is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. There is interest in identifying risk factors fo r disease. Studies have explored risk factors and predictors of CKD in cats. Biochemical variables that predict development of azotemic CKD within 12 months have been reported. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Nephrology/Urology Source Type: research

Plasma gentamicin concentrations in dogs following postchemical ciliary body ablation
Pharmacologic destruction of the ciliary body can be accomplished by an intravitreal injection of a combination of gentamicin and dexamethasone to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) for the treatment of chronic glaucoma in dogs. The mechanism by which gentamicin causes destruction of the ciliary body epithelium is not understood. Reported complications of ciliary body ablation with intravitreal gentamicin in dogs include intraocular inflammation, corneal opacity, cataract formation, intraocular hemorrhage, and phthisis bulbi. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Comparison of 2 bupivacaine delivery methods to control postoperative pain in dogs
Enucleation is a common procedure performed by general practitioners, emergency veterinarians, and veterinary ophthalmologists. Pain generated from this procedure has generally been addressed with use of systemic perioperative opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Recent publications have demonstrated that delivery of local anesthetic to the retrobulbar space prior to enucleation results in less pain after surgery. Retrobulbar injections are not without risk. Complications may include brainstem anesthesia, globe perforation and cardiopulmonary arrest, as well as other problems. (Source: Advances in Small ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research

Accuracy of ultrasound to predict solitary hepatic masses in dogs
Complete or partial liver lobectomy is commonly performed in dogs for the treatment of benign and malignant tissue masses arising in the hepatic parenchyma. However, surgery of the canine liver is technically challenging. Preoperative knowledge of hepatic mass location is clearly of particular value to the surgeon, as this partially dictates the feasibility of surgical resection, the potential likelihood of intraoperative complications, and the overall surgical risk to the patient. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery(Soft Tissue) Source Type: research

Versatility of axial pattern flap for facial reconstruction
Large facial or nasal skin defects in the dog can be challenging to repair when inadequate tissues are available for tension-free closure. Selection of the appropriate closure method is based on multiple factors, including size and location of the defect, adjacent tissue availability and mobility, cutaneous circulation, skin elasticity, and lines of tension. Two major classi fications of skin flaps reported in the literature include subdermal plexus flaps and axial pattern flaps. Reliance on the subdermal plexus limits flap size, rendering them insufficient or impractical in the closure of large defects of the rostra...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - August 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery(Soft Tissue) Source Type: research