Macroscopic and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Anterior Skull Base and Adjacent Structures.
Authors: Ferrari M, Mattavelli D, Schreiber A, Nicolai P
Abstract
The anterior skull base can be divided into three segments: a midline and two symmetrically placed segments located laterally. The midline segment is the roof of the nasal cavity and serves as a watershed between the sinonasal tract and the intracranial space, whereas the lateral segments separate the intracranial compartment from the orbital content. Several peculiar anatomical areas make up the midline segment (posterior frontal plate, cribriform plate, ethmoidal roof, planum sphenoidale, and tuberculum sellae), while the lateral segments ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma.
Authors: Abdelmeguid AS, Bell D, Hanna EY
Abstract
Sinonasal malignancies are uncommon, representing 1% of all neoplasms. A wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms arise from the sinonasal and skull base regions; the majority of these tumors are poorly or undifferentiated tumors manifesting overlapping features that result in diagnostic challenges. Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) are types of sinonasal neuroendocrine tumor, together with olfactory neuroblastoma. They share overlapping clinical, radiological, and histopathological features, albeit with ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Sinonasal Malignant Melanoma.
Authors: Lund VJ
Abstract
Sinonasal malignant mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare, aggressive, and capricious tumour accounting for 4% of sinonasal malignancies. Recent studies suggest an increasing frequency. There are few large published series, but all authors report poor outcomes irrespective of treatment of approximately 25% 5-year survival. As a consequence, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) have restaged all SNMMs as T3 or greater, irrespective of extent. Surgery remains the principle treatment modality. Survival and recurrence data analysis from a single-centre prospective cohort of 125 c...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.
Authors: Castelnuovo P, Turri-Zanoni M
Abstract
Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy characterized by an insidious growth pattern and a tendency for perineural spread along major and minor nerves, resulting in invasion of the skull base and intracranial extension. Therefore, many patients present with advanced disease and involvement of critical structures, making treatment difficult and potentially associated with high morbidity. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment of the primary tumor. Complete resection of the tumor with negative margins, whenever feasible, is associated with...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Update of Radiation Techniques Using Photons for Anterior Skull Base Tumors.
Authors: Foster CC, Kim JK, Melotek JM, Lee NY
Abstract
Anterior skull base tumors represent a challenge for radiation therapy (RT) planning given the close proximity of the target lesion to numerous critical structures in this complex anatomic location. Despite this challenge, surgery followed by postoperative RT is a common treatment paradigm for malignant sinonasal tumors that has been associated with improved outcomes compared to single-modality treatment. Therefore, technological advancements allowing for increasingly conformal target coverage and sparing of organs at risk are important to accomplish ...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Particle Therapy: Protons and Heavy Ions.
Authors: Jensen AD
Abstract
Particle therapy is a comparatively new radiotherapy treatment form allowing the application of extremely conformal treatment plans. In head and neck malignancies, especially in the paranasal sinus and anterior skull base, this technology is very valuable in order to maintain normal tissue tolerance of critical structures while still applying high doses to the tumour. The following paper will further explore the rationale of particle therapy and available clinical experience of the most commonly treated malignancies arising in these anatomical sites. The potential of particle th...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
The Evolving Role of Systemic Therapy in the Primary Treatment of Sinonasal Cancer.
Authors: Licitra L, Resteghini C, Bossi P
Abstract
The inclusion of systemic therapy in the multimodal approach of locally advanced sinonasal cancers, at least in some selected histologies, may improve locoregional control and reduce the frequency of distant metastasis, allowing longer survival. Response to induction chemotherapy is a strong prognostic factor for a patient's outcome and it may improve disease control by surgery and radiation. Concurrent chemoradiation aims at increasing locoregional control in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck; this is particularly important in sinonasal cancers, w...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Anterior Skull Base Surgery in the 21st Century: The Role of Open Approaches.
Authors: Abu-Ghanem S, Shilo S, Yehuda M, Abergel A, Safadi A, Fliss DM
Abstract
Treating malignant tumors of the anterior skull base (ASB) is a challenging task, given their late presentation, diverse histology, and involvement of an intricate anatomical space requiring complex surgery. Advances in imaging, gradual refinement of surgical and reconstruction techniques, and improvement of perioperative care during recent decades have resulted in improved clinical outcomes for patients. In addition, assessing functional outcomes and quality-of-life issues have become a fundamental part in the holistic care o...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Preface.
Authors: Nicolai P, Bradley PJ
PMID: 32731243 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - August 1, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Post-Traumatic Dizziness: Clinical and Medicolegal Aspects.
Authors: Westerberg BD, Lea J, Cameron AF
Abstract
Subjective complaints of dizziness after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury are common. Alterations in the mode of injury have changed the presentation symptoms. Evolutions in neuroimaging challenge conventional concepts regarding lack of evidence of injury following mild head trauma and provide hope for elucidating the site of lesion in patients with post-traumatic balance symptoms. Yet the vestibular clinician must maintain a healthy level of suspicion regarding potential exaggeration of symptoms and disability in patients with a financial incentive...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Imaging of Temporal Bone.
Authors: Pyykkö I, Zou J, Gürkov R, Naganawa S, Nakashima T
Abstract
Multidetector computed tomography has been the benchmark for visualizing bony changes of the ear, but has recently been challenged by cone-beam computed tomography. In both methods, all inner ear bony structures can be visualized satisfactorily with 2D or 3D imaging. Both methods produce ionizing radiation and induce adverse health effects, especially among children. In 3T magnetic resonance imaging, the soft tissue can be imaged accurately. Use of gadolinium chelate (GdC) as a contrast agent allows the partition of fluid spaces to be v...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Meniere's Disease.
This article reviews 3 aspects of Meniere's disease (MD), which have been recently revisited: namely, the pathologic mechanism causing the attacks of vertigo, the clinical diagnosis, and the medical and surgical treatments. The characteristic attacks of vertigo are unlikely to be due to membrane ruptures, so a hypothesis that the vertigo is caused by a volume of endolymph shifting suddenly from the cochlea into the pars superior is suggested. The definite diagnosis according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology HNS 1995 criteria [<citeref rid="ref13">13</citeref>] failed to exclude vestibular migraine suff...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Perilymphatic Fistulas and Superior Semi-Circular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome.
Authors: Weinreich HM, Carey JP
Abstract
Perilymphatic fistulas (PLF) and superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) are 2 conditions that can present with sound and/or pressure-induced vertigo. PLF should be suspected in cases of trauma or surgery, while a spontaneous PLF is a diagnosis of exclusion. Research is ongoing to identify an ideal biomarker for perilymph. The diagnosis of SCDS continues to evolve with further research into vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, electrocochleography, and higher resolution CT imaging. Treatment advances include the transmastoid approach, smaller middl...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Migraine Associated Vertigo.
Authors: Hain T, Cherchi M
Abstract
This chapter is a brief overview of migraine associated vertigo (MAV), focusing on the points most relevant to the practicing clinician. We review the definition of MAV, theories regarding its underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, findings on physical examination and oto vestibular testing, differential diagnosis, management and prognosis.
PMID: 30947176 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
Advances in Vestibular Rehabilitation.
Authors: Sulway S, Whitney SL
Abstract
Vestibular rehabilitation is an exercise-based program that has been in existence for over 70 years. A growing body of evidence supports the use of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with vestibular disorders, and evolving research has led to more efficacious interventions. Through central compensation, vestibular rehabilitation is able to improve symptoms of imbalance, falls, fear of falling, oscillopsia, dizziness, vertigo, motion sensitivity and secondary symptoms such as nausea and anxiety. Early intervention is advised for falls prevention and symptom manageme...
Source: Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - April 6, 2019 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: Adv Otorhinolaryngol Source Type: research
