Structural analyses of inositol phosphate second messengers bound to signaling effector proteins.
Publication date: Available online 11 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Raymond D. BlindAbstract:The higher-order inositol phosphate second messengers inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP4), inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) are important signaling molecules that regulate DNA-damage repair, cohesin dynamics, RNA-editing, retroviral assembly, nuclear transport, phosphorylation, acetylation, crotonylation, and ubiquitination. This functional diversity has made understanding how inositol polyphosphates regulate cellular processes challenging to dissect. However, some ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A high energy phosphate jump - from pyrophospho-inositol to pyrophospho-serine
Publication date: Available online 8 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Shubhra Ganguli, Akruti Shah, Aisha Hamid, Arpita Singh, Ravichand Palakurti, Rashna BhandariAbstractInositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) are a class of energy rich metabolites present in all eukaryotic cells. The hydroxyl groups on these water soluble derivatives of inositol are substituted with diphosphate and monophosphate moieties. Since the discovery of PP-IPs in the early 1990s, enormous progress has been made in uncovering pleiotropic roles for these small molecules in cellular physiology. PP-IPs exert their effect on pr...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 10, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphatidylinositol 3 monophosphate metabolizing enzymes in blood platelet production and in thrombosis
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Marie Bellio, Manuella Caux, Alicia Vauclard, Gaëtan Chicanne, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Anne-Dominique Terrisse, Sonia Severin, Bernard PayrastreAbstractBlood platelets, produced by the fragmentation of megakaryocytes, play a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Being implicated in atherothrombosis and other thromboembolic disorders, they represent a major therapeutic target for antithrombotic drug development. Several recent studies have highlighted an important role for the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3 monophosphate (Ptd...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 9, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Illuminating insights into opsin 3 function in the skin
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Lauren E. Olinski, Erica M. Lin, Elena OanceaABSTRACTBecause sunlight is essential for human survival, we have developed complex mechanisms for detecting and responding to light stimuli. The eyes and skin are major organs for sensing light and express several light-sensitive opsin receptors. These opsins mediate cellular responses to spectrally-distinct wavelengths of visible and ultraviolet light. How the eyes mediate visual phototransduction is well studied, but less is known about how the skin detects light. Both human a...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 9, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases SKIP and SHIP2 in ruffles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus: an update
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Ana Raquel Ramos, Somadri Ghosh, Tara Suhel, Clément Chevalier, Eric Owusu Obeng, Bohumil Fafilek, Pavel Krejci, Benjamin Beck, Christophe ErneuxAbstractPhosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol. They act as signaling molecules linked to essential cellular mechanisms in eukaryotic cells, such as cytoskeleton organization, mitosis, polarity, migration or invasion. PIs are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by a large number of PI kinases and PI phosphatases acting at the 5-, 4- and 3- p...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 9, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Chandrika Gowda, Chunhua Song, Yali Ding, Soumya Iyer, Pavan Dhanyamraju, Mary McGrath, Yevgeniya Bamme, Mario Soliman, Shriya Kane, Jonathon L. Payne, Sinisa DovatAbstractAlterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 6, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
HOIL-1, an atypical E3 ligase that controls MyD88 signalling by forming ester bonds between ubiquitin and components of the Myddosome.
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Philip Cohen, Ian R. Kelsall, Sambit K. Nanda, Jiazhen ZhangSummaryComponents of bacteria and viruses activate Toll-Like Receptors in host cells, triggering the formation of the Myddosome and a signalling network that culminates in the production and release of the inflammatory mediators required to combat pathogenic infection. The Myddosome initiates signalling by recruiting and activating five E3 ligases that generate hybrid ubiquitin chains and attaching them to components of the Myddosome. These ubiquitin chains act as ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Mice lacking DGKε show increased beige adipogenesis in visceral white adipose tissue after long-term high fat diet in a COX-2- dependent manner
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Tomoyuki Nakano, Matthew K. Topham, Kaoru GotoAbstractAdipose tissue is a central site for energy storage in the form of triglyceride (TG). Under excess energy conditions, TG is synthesized by acylation of diacylglycerol (DG), whereas TG is broken down into DG and free fatty acid, which provide energy for mitochondrial lipid oxidation when needed. In this regard, DG is not merely an intermediate metabolite for TG metabolism; it also serves as a signaling molecule. DG kinase (DGK) phosphorylates DG to produce phosphatidic ac...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunits and their roles in signaling and disease
This article highlights research deciphering the role of regulatory subunits in PI3K signaling and their involvement in human disease. (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 28, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Oncogenic Protein Kinase Cι Signaling Mechanisms in Lung Cancer: Implications for improved Therapeutic Strategies
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Ning Yin, Yi Liu, Nicole R. Murray, Alan P. FieldsAbstractProtein Kinase Cι (PKCι) is a major oncogene involved in the initiation, maintenance and progression of numerous forms of human cancer. In the lung, PKCι is necessary for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of the two major forms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In addition, PKCι is necessary for both LADC and LSCC tumorigenesis by establishing and maintaining a highly aggressiv...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 25, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Splicing factor mutant myelodysplastic syndromes: recent advances
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Andrea Pellagatti, Jacqueline BoultwoodAbstractThe myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are common myeloid malignancies showing frequent progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential cellular process carried out by the spliceosome. Mutations in splicing factor genes (including SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1 and ZRSR2) occur in over half of MDS patients and result in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of many target genes, implicating aberrant spliceosome function in MDS disease pathogenesis. Recent functional st...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The function of PLCγ1 in developing mouse mDA system
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Du-Seock Kang, Il Shin Kim, Ja-Hyun Baik, Daesoo Kim, Lucio Cocco, Pann-Ghill SuhAbstractDuring neural development, growing neuronal cells consistently sense and communicate with their surroundings through the use of signaling molecules. In this process, spatiotemporally well-coordinated intracellular signaling is a prerequisite for proper neuronal network formation. Thus, intense interest has focused on investigating the signaling mechanisms in neuronal structure formation that link the activation of receptors to the co...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Samuel Gusscott, Francesco Tamiro, Vincenzo Giambra, Andrew P. WengAbstractT-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer, characterized by an uncontrolled expansion and accumulation of T-cell progenitors. During leukemic progression, immature T cells grow abnormally and occupy the bone marrow compartment, thereby interfering with the production of normal blood cells. Pediatric T-ALL is curable with intensive chemotherapy, but there are significant, long-term side effects and ∼20% of patients suffe...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 16, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
NSAID Therapy for PIK3CA-Altered Colorectal, Breast, and Head and Neck Cancer
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Yi Cai, Andrew Yousef, Jennifer R. Grandis, Daniel E. JohnsonAbstractEpidemiologic evidence indicates that regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides a protective effect against the development of colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancers. Genomic characterization of these cancers has lent considerable insight into the subpopulations of cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from NSAID therapy. The PIK3CA gene encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 16, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Altered chondrocyte differentiation, matrix mineralization and MEK-Erk1/2 signaling in an INPPL1 catalytic knock-out mouse model of opsismodysplasia
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Charles-Andrew Vande Catsyne, Sufyan Ali Sayyed, Patricia Molina-Ortiz, Bastien Moes, David Communi, Joséphine Muller, Roy Heusschen, Jo Caers, Abdelhalim Azzi, Christophe Erneux, Stéphane SchurmansAbstractOpsismodysplasia (OPS) is a rare but severe autosomal recessive skeletal chondrodysplasia caused by inactivating mutations in the Inppl1/Ship2 gene. The molecular mechanism leading from Ship2 gene inactivation to OPS is currently unknown. Here, we used our Ship2Δ/Δ mouse expressing reduced amount of a catalytically-...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 6, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
