Advancing diabetes treatment: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation
Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health challenge, significantly impacts societal and economic well-being. Islet transplantation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes that aims to restore endogenous insulin production and mitigate complications associated with exogenous insulin dependence. We review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in enhancing the efficacy of islet transplantation. MSCs, characterized by their immunomodulatory properties and differentiation potential, are increasingly seen as valuable in enhancing islet graft survival, reducing immune-mediated rejection, and su...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - March 28, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hypocalcemia in combination with hyperphosphatemia impairs muscle cell differentiation in vitro
ConclusionsOur results showed that a condition of hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia induced an alteration of muscle cell differentiation in vitro. In particular, we observed the reduction of myogenic differentiation markers, IGF-1 signaling pathway, and ERK phosphorylation in differentiated skeletal myoblasts. These data suggest that this altered extracellular condition might contribute to the mechanisms causing persistence of symptoms in patients affected by hypoparathyroidism. (Source: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation)
Source: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - March 27, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Body mass index is a good predictor of metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome
DiscussionBMI is a good predictor factor of metabolic changes in PCOS women at any age, and obesity is associated to the appearance of metabolic complications. Overweight and obese PCOS women should be addressed to perform a complete metabolic assessment. (Source: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation)
Source: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation - March 27, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

GLP-1/GLP-1RAs: New Options for the Drug Treatment of NAFLD
Curr Pharm Des. 2024;30(2):100-114. doi: 10.2174/0113816128283153231226103218.ABSTRACTNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a global public health concern. Currently, the cornerstone of NAFLD treatment is lifestyle modification and, if necessary, weight loss. However, compliance is a challenge, and this approach alone may not be sufficient to halt and treat the more serious disease development, so medication is urgently needed. Nevertheless, no medicines are approved to treat NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteropeptide hormone that inhibits glucagon synthesis, promotes insulin sec...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - March 27, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Haoran Jiang Linquan Zang Source Type: research

PCSK9 plasma concentration is associated with epicardial adipose tissue volume and metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes
This study aimed to determine the relationship between PCSK9 levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and cardiometabolic variables in patients with T1D. This was an observational cross-sectional study including 73 patients with T1D. Clinical, biochemical and imaging data were collected. We divided the patients into two groups according to their glycemic control and the EAT index (iEAT) percentile. We performed a correlation analysis between the collected variables and PCSK9 levels; subsequently, we performed a multiple regression analysis with the significant parameters. The mean age was 47.6 ± 8.5 years, 58.9% ...
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 27, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Helena Sard à Cristina Colom Sonia Benitez Gemma Carreras Judit Amig ó Inka Mi ñambres David Vilad és Francisco Blanco-Vaca Jose Lu ís Sanchez-Quesada Antonio P érez Source Type: research

Mangiferin, a Potential Supplement to Improve Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Opportunities
Am J Chin Med. 2024 Mar 26:1-32. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X24500150. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMetabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a considerable clinical and public health burden worldwide. Mangiferin (MF), a flavonoid compound present in diverse species such as mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid.), zhimu (Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge), and honeybush tea (Cyclopia genistoides), boasts a broad array of pharmacological effects. It holds promising uses in nutritionally and functionally targeted foods, particularly concerning MetS treatment. It is therefore pivotal to system...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - March 27, 2024 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Gelin Xiang Sa Guo Nan Xing Qinyun Du Jing Qin Huimin Gao Yi Zhang Shaohui Wang Source Type: research

A short-term economic evaluation of early insulin therapy compared to oral anti-diabetic drugs in order to reduce the major adverse events in type 2 diabetes patients in Iran
CONCLUSION: In terms of cost-effectiveness, early insulin therapy was not cost-effective compared to OADs for managing newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Future studies in this regard, utilizing more comprehensive evidence, can yield more accurate results.PMID:38533582 | DOI:10.1080/03007995.2024.2333425 (Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion)
Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion - March 27, 2024 Category: Research Authors: Ramin Heshmat Ali Darvishi Ramin Abdi Dezfouli Adeleh Nikkhah Ramin Radmanesh Elham Moslemi Source Type: research

Inhibitory protein –protein interactions of the SIRT1 deacetylase are choreographed by post‐translational modification
We present the x-ray structure of the DBC1 S1-like domain that binds SIRT1 and an NMR characterization of how the SIRT1 N-terminal region engages DBC1. This interaction is inhibited by acetylation of K112 of DBC1 and stimulated by the insulin-dependent phosphorylation of human SIRT1 at S162 and S172, catalyzed sequentially by CK2 and GSK3, resulting in the PACS-2-dependent inhibition of nuclear SIRT1 enzymatic activity and translocation of the deacetylase in the cytoplasm. Finally, we discuss how defects in the DBC1/PACS-2-controlled SIRT1 inhibitory pathway are associated with disease, including obesity and non-alcoholic ...
Source: Protein Science - March 27, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Troy C. Krzysiak, You ‐Jin Choi, Yong Joon Kim, Yunhan Yang, Christopher DeHaven, Lariah Thompson, Ryan Ponticelli, Mara M. Mermigos, Laurel Thomas, Andrea Marquez, Ian Sipula, Jongsook Kim Kemper, Michael Jurczak, Gary Thomas, Angela M. G Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Relationship between serum apelin, visfatin levels, and body composition in Polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects the female reproductive system. It is characterized by irregular ovulation, high levels of androgens, and multiple cysts on the ovaries. PCOS is a common condition among women of reproductive age [1]. Epidemiological findings indicate that the incidence of PCOS ranges from 3.7  % to 22.5 % [2]. The prevalence of PCOS in Chinese women is 7.8 %, affecting the reproductive health of approximately 24 million women [3]. In addition, PCOS is a systemic metabolic disorder that is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic disorders, and...
Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology - March 27, 2024 Category: OBGYN Authors: Dan Kuai, Qingtao Tang, Xiang wang, Qi Yan, Wenyan Tian, Huiying Zhang Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Synthesis of multi-responsive poly(NIPA-co-DMAEMA)-PBA hydrogel nanoparticles in aqueous solution for application as glucose-sensitive insulin-releasing nanoparticles
ConclusionsThis work successfully demonstrates a novel method for synthesizing responsive hydrogel nanoparticles and underscores their potential for controlled insulin release in response to glucose concentrations. The observed pH-dependent insulin release patterns and the influence of PBA content on responsiveness highlight the versatility and promise of this nanoparticle synthesis approach for applications in glucose-responsive drug delivery systems.Graphical abstractPoly(NIPA) nanoparticles containing PBA moieties are normally synthesized in two or more steps in the presence of organic solvents. Here we propose a new me...
Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders - March 27, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Systematic immune cell dysregulation and molecular subtypes revealed by single-cell RNA-seq of subjects with type 1 diabetes
ConclusionsOur study reveals a surprisingly strong systemic dimension at the level of immune cell network in T1DM, defines disease-relevant molecular subtypes, and has the potential to guide non-invasive test development and patient stratification. (Source: Genome Medicine)
Source: Genome Medicine - March 27, 2024 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 16, Pages 1296: Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with Bone Mineral Density in Survivors of Childhood Acute Leukemia
In this study, we investigated bone mineral deficits in children who survived childhood acute leukemia and explored the association between the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and bone mineral density (BMD). This retrospective analysis enrolled 214 patients treated for acute leukemia, measuring various factors including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and lumbar spine BMD after the end of treatment. The study found an overall prevalence of low BMD in 15% of participants. Notably, IGF-1 levels were significantly different between patients with low BMD and those with normal BMD, and correlation analyses rev...
Source: Cancers - March 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Seulki Kim Jae Won Yoo Jae Wook Lee Min Ho Jung Bin Cho Byng-Kyu Suh Moon Bae Ahn Nack-Gyun Chung Tags: Article Source Type: research

Phloretic acid requires the insulin/IGF-1 pathway and autophagy to enhance stress resistance and extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Conclusion: These findings results highlight the promising anti-aging effects of PA and warrant further investigation into its pharmacological mechanism and medicinal development prospects. (Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology)
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 27, 2024 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Association between protein undernutrition and diabetes: Molecular implications in the reduction of insulin secretion
AbstractUndernutrition is still a recurring nutritional problem in low and middle-income countries. It is directly associated with the social and economic sphere, but it can also negatively impact the health of the population. In this sense, it is believed that undernourished individuals may be more susceptible to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, throughout life. This hypothesis was postulated and confirmed until today by several studies that demonstrate that experimental models submitted to protein undernutrition present alterations in glycemic homeostasis linked, in part, to the re...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 26, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractDaily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4  weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and ...
Source: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - March 26, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research