Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the pathogenic potential of the first H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds and lagoon water in Tunisia
This study highlights the importance of H9N2 AIV monitoring in both migratory birds and the environment to prevent virus transmission to humans.PMID:36126884 | DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198929 (Source: Virus Research)
Source: Virus Research - September 20, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Imen Larbi Kais Ghedira Arbi Marwa Gary David Butcher Natalia Rego Hugo Naya Halima Tougorti Jihene Lachhab Imen El Behi Jihene Nsiri Abdeljelil Ghram Source Type: research
Phylogenetic analysis and assessment of the pathogenic potential of the first H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds and lagoon water in Tunisia
This study highlights the importance of H9N2 AIV monitoring in both migratory birds and the environment to prevent virus transmission to humans.PMID:36126884 | DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198929 (Source: Virus Research)
Source: Virus Research - September 20, 2022 Category: Virology Authors: Imen Larbi Kais Ghedira Arbi Marwa Gary David Butcher Natalia Rego Hugo Naya Halima Tougorti Jihene Lachhab Imen El Behi Jihene Nsiri Abdeljelil Ghram Source Type: research
Will influenza A(H3N8) cause a major public health threat?
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza has recorded the lowest numbers in decades worldwide. Currently, two subtypes of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and two influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) are circulating in the human population. H2N2 is another influenza subtype that circulated in humans between 1957 and 1968, causing the Asian flu pandemic. All three subtypes (H1, H2, and H3) originated from birds, resulting in three pandemics that claimed the lives of millions of people. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 5, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hadi M. Yassine, Maria K. Smatti Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Will the influenza A(H3N8) cause a major public health threat?
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza has recorded the lowest numbers in decades worldwide. Currently, two influenza A subtypes (H1N1 and H3N2) and two influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) circulate in the human population. H2N2 is another influenza subtype that circulated in humans between 1957 and 1968, causing what is known as the Asian flu pandemic. All three subtypes (H1, H2, and H3) have originated from birds, resulting in three pandemics that claimed the lives of millions of people. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 5, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Hadi M. Yassine, Maria K. Smatti Source Type: research
Global respiratory virus surveillance: strengths, gaps, and way forward
Recurrent outbreaks of respiratory virus disease, primarily caused by influenza and coronaviruses (CoVs), have been witnessed across the world (Baber, 2020). The global history of pandemics over the past century indicates the maximum potential of influenza viruses to mutate, reassort, and evolve to cause outbreaks. This is exemplified by repeated influenza A virus (IAV) outbreaks starting from H1N1 Spanish Flu in 1918, H2N2 Asian Flu in 1957, H3 N2 Hong Kong Flu in 1968, and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 (Peteranderl et al., 2016). (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - May 14, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Swati Gupta, Tejas Gupta, Nivedita Gupta Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Multicellular spatial model of RNA virus replication and interferon responses reveals factors controlling plaque growth dynamics
by Josua O. Aponte-Serrano, Jordan J. A. Weaver, T. J. Sego, James A. Glazier, Jason E. Shoemaker
Respiratory viruses present major public health challenges, as evidenced by the 1918 Spanish Flu, the 1957 H2N2, 1968 H3N2, and 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemics, and the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Severe RNA virus respiratory infections often correl ate with high viral load and excessive inflammation. Understanding the dynamics of the innate immune response and its manifestations at the cell and tissue levels is vital to understanding the mechanisms of immunopathology and to de...
Source: PLoS Computational Biology - October 25, 2021 Category: Biology Authors: Josua O. Aponte-Serrano Source Type: research
The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl
Publication date: Available online 7 July 2021Source: Veterinary MicrobiologyAuthor(s): Jongseo Mo, Sungsu Youk, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, David L. Suarez, Dong-Hun Lee, Mary Lea Killian, Nichole H. Bergeson, Erica Spackman (Source: Veterinary Microbiology)
Source: Veterinary Microbiology - July 7, 2021 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Seasonal influenza vaccination does not effectively expand H2 cross-reactive antibodies in humans
In this study, we examined the effects of seasonal influenza vaccinations in people on both circulating serum antibody titers and memory B-cell activation to H2Nx influenza viruses. In addition to evaluating the human cohort as a whole, participants were also divided into three separate groups based upon their likelihood of being either exposed to or imprinted with H2N2 influenza viruses in the 1950s and 1960s. While participants born after H2N2 influenza viruses left the human population had lower HAI, ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers to these viruses, a select number of cross-reactive antibodies to some of the H2 H...
Source: Vaccine - June 15, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Z Beau Reneer Rodrigo B Abreu Ummar S Jamal Matthew R Corn Jordan L Paugh Ted M Ross Source Type: research
Facemask use in community settings to prevent respiratory infection transmission: a rapid review and meta-analysis
Respiratory infections can be caused by many viruses such as, influenza and coronavirus. If a novel virus gains the capacity to spread globally with sustained human-to-human transmission, a pandemic can occur (Qatar National Cancer Registry, 2014). Influenza epidemics are happening every year. In the past, several influenza pandemics have occurred such as, the 1918 pandemic (H1N1 virus), the 1957-1958 pandemic (H2N2 virus), 1968 pandemic (H3N2 virus), and the recent 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09 virus) (Past Pandemics USA, 2018). (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - September 24, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Karima Chaabna, Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Ravinder Mamtani, Sohaila Cheema Tags: Review Source Type: research
Protection From Influenza by Intramuscular Gene Vector Delivery of a Broadly Neutralizing Nanobody Does Not Depend on Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Cross-subtype neutralizing single domain antibodies against influenza present new opportunities for immunoprophylaxis and pandemic preparedness. Their simple modular structure and single open reading frame format are highly amenable to gene therapy-mediated delivery. We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. To evaluate the potential of R1a-B6 for immunoprophylaxis, we have re...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 29, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 12, Pages 55: Identification, Genetic Analysis, and Pathogenicity of Classical Swine H1N1 and Human-Swine Reassortant H1N1 Influenza Viruses from Pigs in China
g
Taozhen Jiang
Swine influenza virus causes a substantial disease burden to swine populations worldwide and poses an imminent threat to the swine industry and humans. Given its importance, we characterized two swine influenza viruses isolated from Shandong, China. The homology and phylogenetic analyses showed that all eight gene segments of A/swine/Shandong/AV1522/2011(H1N1) were closely related to A/Maryland/12/1991(H1N1) circulating in North America. The HA, NA, M, and NS genes of the isolate were also confirmed to have a high homology to A/swine/Hubei/02/2008(H1N1) which appeared in China in 2008, and the virus w...
Source: Viruses - January 1, 2020 Category: Virology Authors: Yafen Song Yong Zhang Bing Zhang Ling Chen Min Zhang Jingwen Wang Ying Jiang Chenghuai Yang Taozhen Jiang Tags: Article Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 978: Antigenic Change in Human Influenza A(H2N2) Viruses Detected by Using Human Plasma from Aged and Younger Adult Individuals
hier
Yamayoshi
Kawaoka
Human influenza A(H2N2) viruses emerged in 1957 and were replaced by A(H3N2) viruses in 1968. The antigenicity of human H2N2 viruses has been tested by using ferret antisera or mouse and human monoclonal antibodies. Here, we examined the antigenicity of human H2N2 viruses by using human plasma samples obtained from 50 aged individuals who were born between 1928 and 1933 and from 33 younger adult individuals who were born after 1962. The aged individuals possessed higher neutralization titers against H2N2 viruses isolated in 1957 and 1963 than those against H2N2 viruses isolated in 1968, whe...
Source: Viruses - October 22, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Matsuzawa Iwatsuki-Horimoto Nishimoto Abe Fukuyama Hamabata Okuda Go Watanabe Imai Arai Fouchier Yamayoshi Kawaoka Tags: Article Source Type: research
Identification of coevolution sites and evolution history for neuraminidase of human influenza A viruses
A recent study in this journal compared codon usage among NA subtypes (N1, N2, N6, and N8) of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (HPAIVs) and suggested that codon usage in N1 subtype is better adapted to its host than the epidemic NA subtypes (N6 and N8), which had fewer number of human cases compared to the N1 subtype.1 To date, there are 18 known HA subtypes (H1-H18) and 11 known NA subtypes (N1-N11)2. However, only N1 and N2 subtypes have been reported to cause pandemics (H1N1 for the 1918 and 2009 pandemics; H2N2 for the 1957 pandemic; and H3N2 for the 1968 pandemic) or seasonal outbreaks in humans3. (S...
Source: Journal of Infection - October 17, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jinyue Guo, Shujian Huang, Feng Wen Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 11, Pages 928: Comparative Study of the Temperature Sensitive, Cold Adapted and Attenuated Mutations Present in the Master Donor Viruses of the Two Commercial Human Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines
Martínez-Sobrido
Influenza viruses cause annual, seasonal infection across the globe. Vaccination represents the most effective strategy to prevent such infections and/or to reduce viral disease. Two major types of influenza vaccines are approved for human use: inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs). Two Master Donor Virus (MDV) backbones have been used to create LAIVs against influenza A virus (IAV): the United States (US) A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (AA) and the Russian A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (Len) H2N2 viruses. The mutations responsible for the temperature sensitive (ts), cold-ada...
Source: Viruses - October 9, 2019 Category: Virology Authors: Laura Rodriguez Pilar Blanco-Lobo Emma C. Reilly Tatsuya Maehigashi Aitor Nogales Andrew Smith David J. Topham Stephen Dewhurst Baek Kim Luis Mart ínez-Sobrido Tags: Article Source Type: research
Role of Multivalency and Antigenic Threshold in Generating Protective Antibody Responses
Mark K. Slifka1* and Ian J. Amanna2
1Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States2Najít Technologies, Inc., Beaverton, OR, United States
Vaccines play a vital role in protecting our communities against infectious disease. Unfortunately, some vaccines provide only partial protection or in some cases vaccine-mediated immunity may wane rapidly, resulting in either increased susceptibility to that disease or a requirement for more booster vaccinations in order to maintain immunity above a protective level. The durabilit...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research
