Model for Concomitant Microdialysis Sampling of the Pons and Cerebral Cortex in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).
Abstract
Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are aggressive brainstem tumors that fail to respond to treatment. We hypothesize that the protective features of the pons may hinder chemotherapeutic agents from entering pontine tissue compared with cortical brain tissue. To test this hypothesis, we developed a unique nonhuman primate model using microdialysis, a continuous in vivo extracellular sampling technique, to compare drug exposure concurrently in pontine tissue, cortical tissue, CSF, and plasma after intravenous administration of chemotherapeutic agents. The surgical coordinates and approach f...
Source: Comparative Medicine - November 14, 2013 Category: Zoology Authors: McCully CM, Pastakia D, Bacher J, Thomas ML, Steffen-Smith EA, Saleem K, Murphy RF, Walbridge S, Brinster L, Widemann BC, Warren KE Tags: Comp Med Source Type: research
PDGFRA Mutations in Gliomagenesis
The outcome for children with high-grade gliomas (HGG) remains dismal, with a 2-year survival rate of only 10% to 30%. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) comprise a subset of HGG that arise in the brainstem almost exclusively in children. Genome-wide analyses of copy number imbalances previously showed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) is the most frequent target of focal amplification in pediatric HGGs, including DIPGs. To determine whether PDGFRA is also targeted by more subtle mutations missed by copy number analysis, we sequenced all PDGFRA coding exons from a cohort of pediatric HGGs. Somat...
Source: Cancer Research - October 14, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Paugh, B. S., Zhu, X., Qu, C., Endersby, R., Diaz, A. K., Zhang, J., Bax, D. A., Carvalho, D., Reis, R. M., Onar-Thomas, A., Broniscer, A., Wetmore, C., , Jones, C., Ellison, D. W., Baker, S. J. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Source Type: research
[Radiotherapy for brain tumours: Which margins should we apply?]
This article offers a review of the literature about the margins applied in brain tumours radiotherapy for gliomas (high grade, anaplastic, low grade and brain stem gliomas), embryologic tumours (medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumours [PNET]), ependymomas, atypical teratoid rahbdoid tumours (ATRT), craniopharyngiomas, pineal gland tumours, primary central nervous cell lymphomas, meningiomas and schwannomas. New imaging modalities such as diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced, spectroscopic MRI and PET scan will allow us to delineate more precisely the target volumes and to realise dose-paint...
Source: Cancer Radiotherapie - September 4, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Martin V, Moyal E, Delannes M, Padovani L, Sunyach MP, Feuvret L, Dhermain F, Noël G, Laprie A Tags: Cancer Radiother Source Type: research
Delineation of malignant glioma by turbo spin echo multislice motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium (TSE-MSDE) with gadolinium-based contrast media: A case report
Abstract: T1-weighted images by turbo spin echo multislice motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium with gadolinium-based contrast media clearly delineated the brainstem invasion of a malignant glioma in an 80-year-old woman compared with other magnetic resonance imaging sequences. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 20, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Masafumi Kanoto, Takaaki Hosoya, Yuuki Toyoguchi, Atsuko Oda Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Intraparenchymal Schwannoma Involving the Brainstem in a Young Woman
We report a 17-year-old girl with a 3-month history of unspecific dizziness, unsteadiness, and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous cystic lesion involving midbrain, pons, and left cerebellar peduncle. The patient underwent a retromastoid craniotomy with complete resection of the tumor. Pathologic examination was compatible with intraparenchymal schwannoma. Since the first case of intraparenchymal schwannoma involving the brainstem was described in 1980, only seven others have been reported. Diagnosis of intraparenchymal schwannoma is almost never made preoperatively. Immunohistochemical staining is ...
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Aida Antuña Ramos, Marco Antonio Alvarez Vega, Hernan Sandoval Valencia, Juan Campos García, Vicente Calatayud Perez Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Correlation between MRI findings and histological diagnosis of brainstem glioma.
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of this nature reported in the literature to date. The results of this study suggest that MRI features of brainstem gliomas could predict some pathological features and guide prognosis, choice of biopsy and treatment modalities. The pathology of tumors with a focal appearance on MRI was associated with a prognosis that was significantly better than their diffuse counterparts. For the intrinsic diffuse gliomas, non-enhancing tumors had pathology suggestive of a favorable prognosis.
PMID: 23603170 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences)
Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences - May 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Yin L, Zhang L Tags: Can J Neurol Sci Source Type: research
The Expressions of Wnt/β-catenin Pathway-Related Components in Brainstem Gliomas.
Conclusions: Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be abnormally activated and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of brainstem gliomas. Wnt-2, β-catenin and C-myc may be potential targets for brainstem glioma treatment.
PMID: 23603171 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences)
Source: The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences - May 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Wu W, Tian Y, Wan H, Song Y, Li J, Zhang L Tags: Can J Neurol Sci Source Type: research
Brainstem Gliomas
This article describes the different subtypes of brainstem gliomas in children and adults. We focus on recent advances in MR such as MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion, and diffusion tensor imaging that often strongly suggest the histopathologic diagnosis of the lesion. (Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI)
Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI - April 1, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Ana Ramos, Amaya Hilario, Alfonso Lagares, Elena Salvador, Angel Perez-Nuñez, Juan Sepulveda Source Type: research
Surgical Management of Brainstem-Expanding Lesions: The Role of Neuroimaging
The brainstem is no longer regarded as an inoperable area, thanks to the huge advances that have been made in neurosurgery recently. Preoperative planning based on modern neuroimaging techniques (high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and helical computed tomography) and advances in microneurosurgery and neuroanesthesia allows brainstem surgery to be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Most surgically treated, space-occupying lesions in the brainstem are hematomas, and they are usually associated with cavernoma hemorrhage. However, over the last 25 years, there have also been reports from widely re...
Source: Seminars in Ultrasound CT and MRI - April 1, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Arantxa Royo, Cristina Utrilla, Fernando Carceller Source Type: research
Interstitial brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds for low grade brain stem gliomas in adults: Diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in a one-step procedure
Conclusion: In our experience at the University Clinic in Freiburg Germany, interstitial radiosurgery based on MRI is a safe and effective method to diagnose and treat low grade gliomas of the brain stem. Furthermore randomized studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic impact of this method in comparison to external beam radiation of brain stem gliomas. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 27, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: William Omar Contreras Lopez, Michael Trippel, Soroush Doostkam, Thomas Reithmeier Tags: Original articles Source Type: research
A treatment planning comparison of highly conformal radiation therapy for pediatric low-grade brainstem gliomas.
PMID: 23421953 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Acta Oncologica)
Source: Acta Oncologica - February 20, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brower JV, Indelicato DJ, Aldana PR, Sandler E, Rotondo R, Mendenhall NP, Marcus RB, Su Z Tags: Acta Oncol Source Type: research
Prolonged Survival in Adult Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type I and Recurrent High Grade Gliomas Treated with Bevacizumab (P01.098)
CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, adult patients with recurrent HGGs had prolonged overall and post-recurrence survival. These results suggest bevacizumab may be an effective therapy in NF1 patients with recurrent HGGs. Based on these observations, evaluation of bevacizumab responses in sporadic glioblastomas with NF1 mutations is warranted.Disclosure: Dr. Theeler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ellezam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Slopis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Loghin has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Groot has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech, Inc., VBL Therapeutics, and Merck & Co., Inc. ...
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Theeler, B., Ellezam, B., Slopis, J., Loghin, M., De Groot, J. Tags: P01 Neuro-Oncology: Therapeutics Source Type: research
Liposomes Modified with P-Aminophenyl-α-D-Mannopyranoside: A Carrier for Targeting Cerebral Functional Regions in Mice.
Abstract
Targeting of intracerebral functional regions has been limited by the inability to transport drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and by poor accumulation in these regions. To overcome these hurdles, liposomes modified with P-Aminophenyl-α-D-Mannopyranoside (MAN) were used as a fluorescent dye carrier through the BBB and used the specific distribution of liposomes (LIP) modified with MAN (MAN-LIP) to target various functional regions of the brain. An in vitro BBB model was established to evaluate the transendothelial ability of MAN-LIP, and liposomes uptake by C6 glioma cells was analyzed b...
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics - January 31, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hao ZF, Cui YX, Li MH, Du D, Liu MF, Tao HQ, Li S, Cao FY, Chen YL, Lei XH, Wang L, Zhu DL, Jiang CL, Peng HS Tags: Eur J Pharm Biopharm Source Type: research
Isolated brainstem cysticercosis: A review
Conclusions: Isolated brainstem cysticercosis is rare. Clinical and neuroimaging findings on admission allowed a correct differentiation of this condition from other space-occupying lesions of the brainstem (tuberculomas, abscesses, gliomas) in most patients. The prognosis is benign provided the patients receive prompt therapy. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 24, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Oscar H. Del Brutto, Victor J. Del Brutto Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Bevacizumab as salvage therapy for progressive brain stem gliomas
Conclusion: In this series treatment of progressive gliomas involving the brain stem with bevacizumab resulted in an improved clinical condition of the patients as well as a reduction of the T2 weighted lesions and reduced amino acid uptake in the tumor area. It therefore may represent a therapeutic salvage option for this type of tumor. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - May 31, 2012 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: T. Reithmeier, W.O. Contreras Lopez, T.S. Spehl, T. Nguyen, I. Mader, G. Nikkhah, M.O. Pinsker Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
