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A Step-by-Step Guide to Selecting an Optimal Cut-Off Value Based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic and Youden Index in Methods Designed to Diagnose Lyme Disease
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2742:69-76. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_5.ABSTRACTDetection tools designed to diagnose complex diseases such as Lyme Borreliosis require an optimal cutoff point to distinguish the healthy from the diseased. The chapter will provide a practical guide to selecting an optimal cutoff mark by creating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in Microsoft Excel. To guide the creation of a ROC graphical plot, we will use example data from an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measuring anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) against whole-cell Borrelia lysates. Herein, the ROC method will demonstrate...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - January 2, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kunal Garg Sara Campolonghi Source Type: research

Development of Organoids to Study Infectious Host Interactions
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2742:151-164. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_12.ABSTRACTEmerging organoid research is paving way for studies in infectious diseases. Described here is a technique for the generation of stem-cell derived organoids for human small intestine and lung together with methods to infect such organoids with a mock pathogen (Cryptosporidium parvum). Such systems are amenable to imaging and processing for molecular biological analyses. It is the intent of this chapter to provide a simple, routine organoid procedure so that in vitro studies with Borrelia such as cell invasion and dissemination can be conducted.P...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - January 2, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Aparajita Lahree Leona Gilbert Source Type: research

Preparation of Borrelia-Infected Mammalian Cells for Helium Ion Microscopy
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2742:123-129. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_10.ABSTRACTPreparation of mammalian cells for a Borrelia burgdorferi infection can be cumbersome especially if investigating possible cell entry processes. The initial steps of infection or entry into cells by a pathogen often involve attachment to the cell surface and plasma membrane changes. To topologically investigate with great resolution and detail these interactions of the pathogen and the mammalian cell, helium ion microscopy (HIM) can be employed. Here we describe a protocol used to define a specific multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Borrelia bur...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - January 2, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kati Karvonen Source Type: research

Adaptive Immune Response Investigation in Lyme Borreliosis
Methods Mol Biol. 2024;2742:77-90. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_6.ABSTRACTTo diagnose Lyme Borreliosis, it is advised to use an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test to check for serum antibodies specific for Lyme and all tests with positive or ambiguous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results being confirmed by immunoblot. This method of measuring the humoral immunity in human fluids (e.g., by ELISA) has provided robust and reproducible results for decades and similar assays have been validated for monitoring of B cell immunity. These immunological tests that detect antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi are useful in ...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - January 2, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Mihail Pruteanu Armin Schwarzbach Markus Berger Source Type: research

Controversies, difficulties and changes in serological confirmatory testing
Orv Hetil. 2023 Dec 31;164(52):2065-2073. doi: 10.1556/650.2023.32938. Print 2023 Dec 31.ABSTRACTA diagnózis jelentősége és az elérhető szerológiatesztek fajlagossága egyaránt indokolhatja, hogy egyes kórképekben az elsődleges vizsgálati eredmények megerősítésre (konfirmálásra) szorulnak. A rekombináns antigéneken alapuló szerológiai vizsgálatok elterjedése, a molekuláris módszerek elérhetővé válása és a kórokozók szeroepidemiológiai változásai együttesen eredményezték, hogy a vizsgálati algoritmusok az elmúlt években jelentősen átalakultak. A kereskedelmi forgalomban hozzáfé...
Source: Orvosi Hetilap - December 31, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Andr ás Zóka M árton Gönczi Andr ás Baráth R óbert Steinhauser Gabriella Bek ő Source Type: research

Copulation of < em > Ixodes ricinus < /em > males and females on the host and its potential impact on pathogen transmission
CONCLUSIONS: By increasing the feeding dynamics in females, the copulation of I. ricinus males with females attached to the host's skin may stimulate pathogen replication in tick tissues and migration from the gut to the salivary glands. Further investigations of the I. ricinus copulation on the host on female feeding and pathogen transmission may contribute to the elucidation of the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases transmitted by this tick species.PMID:38153063 | DOI:10.26444/aaem/174105 (Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM)
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - December 28, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Weronika Buczek Alicja Buczek Marek Asman Katarzyna Bartosik Source Type: research