Bird Flu (H5N1 Avian Influenza) Vaccine Research This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Sodium taurocholate hydrate inhibits influenza virus replication and suppresses influenza a Virus-triggered inflammation in vitro and in vivo
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jun 29;122:110544. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110544. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfluenza A virus is an important respiratory pathogen that poses serious threats to human health. Owing to the high mutation rate of viral genes, weaker cross-protection of vaccines, and rapid emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses. Taurocholic acid is a primary bile acid that promotes digestion, absorption, and excretion of dietary lipids. Here, we demonstrate that sodium taurocholate hydrate (STH) exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity a...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xiaolu Sun Xiaotong Hu Qiang Zhang Li Zhao Xiaomei Sun Li Yang Meilin Jin Source Type: research

Rapid determination of influenza vaccine potency by an SPR-based method using subtype or lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies
Potency testing and release of annual influenza vaccines require preparation, calibration, and distribution of reference antigens (RAs) and antisera every year, which takes an average of 8 to 12 weeks, and can be a major limiting factor in pandemic situations. Here we describe for the first time a robust Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based method that employs influenza subtype or lineage hemagglutinin (HA) specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to measure the HA concentration in influenza multivalent vaccines. Implementing such an advanced test method will at the very least eliminate the rate-limiting and laborious effort...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1453: Development of a One-Step Real-Time TaqMan Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Assay for the Detection of the Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (nVarIBDV) Circulating in China
nhe Wan The novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV, especially genotype A2dB1) mainly affects broilers in China. It causes an infection characterized by the atrophy of the bursa, a decrease in the level of lymphocytes, proliferation of fibrous tissue around the follicle, and severe atrophy of the follicle in the bursa. Poultry vaccinated with live IBDV vaccines do not have the challenge present with bursa atrophy, which is misdiagnosed for nVarIBDV because of the lack of other gross clinical symptoms. The present study sought to explore the potential and reliability of the real-time TaqMan analysis method for the detection and d...
Source: Viruses - June 27, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Chenyan Wang Bo Hou Guoqing Shao Chunhe Wan Tags: Article Source Type: research

The immune system of chicken and its response to H9N2 avian influenza virus
Vet Q. 2023 Jun 26:1-25. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2228360. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfluenza A virus is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family. Based on the antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) influenza viruses are classified into subtypes. H9N2 belongs to the low pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) and is one of the widely spread viruses in poultry, which can pose a threat to humans by directly infecting or providing internal genes for various zoonotic avian influenza strains. It may directly or indirectly participate in becoming ...
Source: Veterinary Quarterly - June 26, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Wenhao Yang Xiufan Liu Xiaoquan Wang Source Type: research

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Introduced by Wild Birds, China, 2021
Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Jul;29(7):1367-1375. doi: 10.3201/eid2907.221149.ABSTRACTHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has spread globally, causing unprecedented large-scale avian influenza outbreaks since 2020. In 2021, we isolated 17 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses from wild birds in China. To determine virus origin, we genetically analyzed 1,529 clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses reported globally since October 2020 and found that they formed 35 genotypes. The 17 viruses belonged to genotypes G07, which originated from eastern Asia, and G10, which originated from Russia. The v...
Source: Emerging Infectious Diseases - June 22, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jingman Tian Xiaoli Bai Minghui Li Xianying Zeng Jia Xu Peng Li Miao Wang Xingdong Song Zhiguo Zhao Guobin Tian Liling Liu Yuntao Guan Yanbing Li Hualan Chen Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2: analysis of the effects of mutations in non-structural proteins
In this study, we used full genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 variants to predict structural changes in viral proteins. These sequences were obtained from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID), and a set of significant mutations were identified in each of the non-structural proteins (NSP1-16) and structural proteins, including the envelope, nucleocapsid, membrane, and spike proteins. The mutations were characterized as stabilizing or destabilizing based on their effect on protein dynamics and stability, and their impact on structure and function was evaluated. Among all of the proteins, NSP6 stands ou...
Source: Archives of Virology - June 21, 2023 Category: Virology Source Type: research

Cost-effectiveness of routine annual influenza vaccination by age and risk status
CONCLUSIONS: Cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination varied by age and risk status and was less than $95,000/QALY for all subgroups, except for non-high-risk working-age adults. Results were sensitive to the probability of influenza illness and vaccination was more favorable under certain scenarios. Vaccination for higher risk subgroups resulted in ICERs below $100,000/QALY even at low levels of vaccine effectiveness or circulating virus.PMID:37291022 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.069 (Source: Vaccine)
Source: Vaccine - June 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ellen Kim DeLuca Acham Gebremariam Angela Rose Matthew Biggerstaff Martin I Meltzer Lisa A Prosser Source Type: research

Global review of the H5N8 avian influenza virus subtype
Orthomyxoviruses are negative-sense, RNA viruses with segmented genomes that are highly unstable due to reassortment. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N8 emerged in wild birds in China. Since its emergence, it has posed a significant threat to poultry and human health. Poultry meat is considered an inexpensive source of protein, but due to outbreaks of HPAI H5N8 from migratory birds in commercial flocks, the poultry meat industry has been facing severe financial crises. This review focuses on occasional epidemics that have damaged food security and poultry production across Europe, Eurasia, the Middle...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - June 2, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Recombinant hemagglutinin displaying on yeast reshapes congenital lymphocyte subsets to prompt optimized systemic immune protection against avian influenza infection
IntroductionProphylactic vaccination is regarded as the most effective means to control avian flu infection. Currently, there is a need for a universal vaccine that provides broad and long-lasting protection against influenza virus. Meanwhile, although yeast-based vaccines have been used in clinic, studies are still required to further understand the molecular mechanism of yeast-based vaccines under physiological conditions.MethodsWe generated a yeast-based vaccine against influenza hemagglutinin (HA) of H5, H7 and H9 using surface displaying technology and evaluated the protective efficacy of chickens after exposure to H9...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - May 31, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Development and evaluation of Newcastle disease - avian influenza bivalent vector vaccines in commercial chickens
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May 26;120:110363. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110363. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAvian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are regarded as the leading viral infectious diseases affecting the global poultry industry. Vaccination is a successful therapeutic intervention to safeguard birds against both ND and AI infections. In this research, ND-AI bivalent vaccines were developed through the incorporation of HA and IRES-GMCSF gene fragments at varying locations of NDV rClone30 vectors. The two constructed vaccines were rClone30-HA-IRES-GMCSF(PM) and rClone30-HA(PM)-IRES-GMCSF(NP). Next, 27-d...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - May 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Qing Wu Lan Wei Xin Du Wenying Sun Shuang Li Xiaochen Guo Ming Jiang Jinmiao Liu Zhiqiang Xue Huijuan Li Tingting Zhang Wei Wang Guiping Ren Source Type: research

Strategic construction of mRNA vaccine derived from conserved and experimentally validated epitopes of avian influenza type A virus: a reverse vaccinology approach
CONCLUSION: Results suggest that mVAIA possesses stability, safety, and immunogenicity. In vitro and in vivo confirmation in subsequent studies are anticipated.PMID:37214143 | PMC:PMC10193103 | DOI:10.7774/cevr.2023.12.2.156 (Source: Cell Research)
Source: Cell Research - May 22, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Leana Rich Herrera-Ong Source Type: research