Addressing the Threat of Emerging Viral Infections
Keio J Med. 2023;72(1):27. doi: 10.2302/kjm.ABSTRACT_72_1-2.ABSTRACTEmerging infections are caused when microorganisms that are maintained in a reservoir where they cause no harm, transmit from the reservoir to a new host. I have been studying the replication, molecular basis for pathogenesis, and host responses to emerging viruses, including influenza virus, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2, and using the knowledge gained from these studies to develop antivirals and vaccines.Influenza viruses cause epidemics every winter, but occasionally new influenza viruses emerge and spread worldwide (pandemic). We established a technique ...
Source: The Keio Journal of Medicine - March 26, 2023 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Yoshihiro Kawaoka Source Type: research

Addressing the Threat of Emerging Viral Infections
Keio J Med. 2023;72(1):27. doi: 10.2302/kjm.ABSTRACT_72_1-2.ABSTRACTEmerging infections are caused when microorganisms that are maintained in a reservoir where they cause no harm, transmit from the reservoir to a new host. I have been studying the replication, molecular basis for pathogenesis, and host responses to emerging viruses, including influenza virus, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2, and using the knowledge gained from these studies to develop antivirals and vaccines.Influenza viruses cause epidemics every winter, but occasionally new influenza viruses emerge and spread worldwide (pandemic). We established a technique ...
Source: The Keio Journal of Medicine - March 26, 2023 Category: Universities & Medical Training Authors: Yoshihiro Kawaoka Source Type: research

Influenza: diabetes as a risk factor for severe related-outcomes and the effectiveness of vaccination in diabetic population. A meta-analysis of observational studies
In order to better define the need for influenza vaccination in people with diabetes (DM), we collected all available evidence on the effect of DM as a risk factor for complications of both seasonal and pandemic influenza, and on the specific effectiveness of vaccines in patients with DM. (Source: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD)
Source: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD - March 26, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ilaria Dicembrini, Giovanni Antonio Silverii, Alessandra Clerico, Riccardo Fornengo, Giovanni Gabutti, Valeria Sordi, Silvio Tafuri, Ottavia Peruzzi, Edoardo Mannucci Tags: Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 833: Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans
nie Khairat An influenza pandemic happens when a novel influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new, distinct host species. Although the exact timing of pandemics is uncertain, it is known that both viral and host factors play a role in their emergence. Species-specific interactions between the virus and the host cell determine the virus tropism, including binding and entering cells, replicating the viral RNA genome within the host cell nucleus, assembling, maturing and releasing the virus to neighboring cells, tissues or organs before transmitting it between individuals. The influenza A virus ...
Source: Viruses - March 24, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Umarqayum Abu Bakar Lina Amrani Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman Saiful Anuar Karsani Pouya Hassandarvish Jasmine Elanie Khairat Tags: Review Source Type: research

A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity
J Immunol. 2023 Mar 20:ji2300026. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300026. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is essential for activating host cell innate immunity to regulate the immune response against many RNA viruses. We previously identified that a small molecule compound, KIN1148, led to the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and served to enhance protection against influenza A virus (IAV) A/California/04/2009 infection. We have now determined direct binding of KIN1148 to RIG-I to drive expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB target genes, including specific immunomodulatory...
Source: Journal of Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Emily A Hemann Megan L Knoll Courtney R Wilkins Caroline Subra Richard Green Adolfo Garc ía-Sastre Paul G Thomas Lydie Trautmann Renee C Ireton Yueh-Ming Loo Michael Gale Source Type: research

A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity
J Immunol. 2023 Mar 20:ji2300026. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300026. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is essential for activating host cell innate immunity to regulate the immune response against many RNA viruses. We previously identified that a small molecule compound, KIN1148, led to the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and served to enhance protection against influenza A virus (IAV) A/California/04/2009 infection. We have now determined direct binding of KIN1148 to RIG-I to drive expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB target genes, including specific immunomodulatory...
Source: Journal of Immunology - March 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Emily A Hemann Megan L Knoll Courtney R Wilkins Caroline Subra Richard Green Adolfo Garc ía-Sastre Paul G Thomas Lydie Trautmann Renee C Ireton Yueh-Ming Loo Michael Gale Source Type: research

How to stop the bird flu outbreak becoming a pandemic
Nature, Published online: 01 March 2023; doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00591-3From tracking the disease’s spread in wild birds to updating human vaccines, there are measures that could help keep avian influenza in check. (Source: Nature AOP)
Source: Nature AOP - March 1, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Saima May Sidik Source Type: research

Bird flu death: What will happen next and is there a vaccine?
An 11-year-old girl in Cambodia has died in hospital after catching bird flu. Her father has tested positive for the virus responsible, but it is unclear whether he caught the infection from her or the family ' s poultry collection (Source: New Scientist - Health)
Source: New Scientist - Health - February 24, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: research

Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 23:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12433-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together with PB2, PB1, and PA proteins. As its high conservation, NP ranks one of the hot targets for design of universal diagnostic reagents and antiviral drugs for IAV. Here, we report an anti-NP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5F10 prepared from traditional lymphocyte hybridoma technique with the immunogen of a clade 2.3.4.4 H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus. The specificity of mA...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 23, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Min Gu Jun Jiao Suhan Liu Wanchen Zhao Zhichuang Ge Kairui Cai Lijun Xu Dongchang He Xinyu Zhang Xian Qi Wenming Jiang Pinghu Zhang Xiaoquan Wang Shunlin Hu Xiufan Liu Source Type: research

Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 23:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12433-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together with PB2, PB1, and PA proteins. As its high conservation, NP ranks one of the hot targets for design of universal diagnostic reagents and antiviral drugs for IAV. Here, we report an anti-NP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5F10 prepared from traditional lymphocyte hybridoma technique with the immunogen of a clade 2.3.4.4 H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus. The specificity of mA...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 23, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Min Gu Jun Jiao Suhan Liu Wanchen Zhao Zhichuang Ge Kairui Cai Lijun Xu Dongchang He Xinyu Zhang Xian Qi Wenming Jiang Pinghu Zhang Xiaoquan Wang Shunlin Hu Xiufan Liu Source Type: research

Monoclonal antibody targeting a novel linear epitope on nucleoprotein confers pan-reactivity to influenza A virus
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Feb 23:1-14. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12433-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNucleoprotein (NP) functions crucially in the replicative cycle of influenza A virus (IAV) via forming the ribonucleoprotein complex together with PB2, PB1, and PA proteins. As its high conservation, NP ranks one of the hot targets for design of universal diagnostic reagents and antiviral drugs for IAV. Here, we report an anti-NP murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5F10 prepared from traditional lymphocyte hybridoma technique with the immunogen of a clade 2.3.4.4 H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus. The specificity of mA...
Source: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - February 23, 2023 Category: Microbiology Authors: Min Gu Jun Jiao Suhan Liu Wanchen Zhao Zhichuang Ge Kairui Cai Lijun Xu Dongchang He Xinyu Zhang Xian Qi Wenming Jiang Pinghu Zhang Xiaoquan Wang Shunlin Hu Xiufan Liu Source Type: research

ADCC: An underappreciated correlate of cross-protection against influenza?
In this short review, we summarized the results obtained with an assay to detect influenza virus-specific antibodies that mediate ADCC, which was developed and evaluated within the framework of the IMI-funded project “FLUCOP”. HA-specific ADCC mediating antibodies were detected in serum samples from children and adults pre- and post-vaccination with monovalent, trivalent, or quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines, or following infection with H1N1pdm09 virus. Additionally, using chimeric influenza HA proteins, the presence of HA-stalk-specific ADCC mediating antibodies after vaccination and natural infection with H1N1...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 22, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Active immunization with < em > Pseudomonas aeruginosa < /em > vaccine protects mice from secondary < em > Pseudomonas aeruginosa < /em > challenge post-influenza virus infection
CONCLUSIONS: To develop an effective P. aeruginosa vaccine might be a promising strategy to decrease the threat of secondary P. aeruginosa infection in influenza patients.PMID:36794141 | PMC:PMC9922597 | DOI:10.21037/jtd-22-1012 (Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease)
Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease - February 16, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Xiaofeng Wu Feilong Jie Pingchao Li Chao Zhuo Weiqi Pan Nanshan Zhong Chufang Li Ling Chen Source Type: research