Enteric virome negatively affects seroconversion following oral rotavirus vaccination in a longitudinally sampled cohort of Ghanaian infants

Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Dec 16:S1931-3128(21)00567-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRotavirus vaccines (RVVs) have substantially diminished mortality from severe rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis but are significantly less effective in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limiting their life-saving potential. The etiology of RVV's diminished effectiveness remains incompletely understood, but the enteric microbiota has been implicated in modulating immunity to RVVs. Here, we analyze the enteric microbiota in a longitudinal cohort of 122 Ghanaian infants, evaluated over the course of 3 Rotarix vaccinations between 6 and 15 weeks of age, to assess whether bacterial and viral populations are distinct between non-seroconverted and seroconverted infants. We identify bacterial taxa including Streptococcus and a poorly classified taxon in Enterobacteriaceae as positively correlating with seroconversion. In contrast, both bacteriophage diversity and detection of Enterovirus B and multiple novel cosaviruses are negatively associated with RVV seroconversion. These findings suggest that virome-RVV interference is an underappreciated cause of poor vaccine performance in LMICs.PMID:34932985 | DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.002

Source: Cell Host and Microbe - December 21, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andrew HyoungJin Kim George Armah Francis Dennis Leran Wang Rachel Rodgers Lindsay Droit Megan T Baldridge Scott A Handley Vanessa C Harris Source Type: research