Management of Adverse Events Associated with Cabozantinib Plus Nivolumab in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review

Treatment of advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has improved in recent years with the introduction of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs [PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors]) [1 –3]. Due to the angiogenic nature of RCC, TKIs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have been a cornerstone of therapy, providing improved disease control and survival with manageable safety profiles [4,5]. RCC is also immunogenic [4], which led to the development of I CIs in RCC as single-agents, in dual ICI combinations, and in combination with TKIs that have immunomodulatory activity that may enhance the immune response to ICIs [6–11].
Source: Cancer Treatment Reviews - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Source Type: research