Sensors, Vol. 21, Pages 5060: Optimizing the Performance of Pure ALOHA for LoRa-Based ESL

Sensors, Vol. 21, Pages 5060: Optimizing the Performance of Pure ALOHA for LoRa-Based ESL Sensors doi: 10.3390/s21155060 Authors: Malak Abid Ali Khan Hongbin Ma Syed Muhammad Aamir Ying Jin (1) Background: The scientific development in the field of industrialization demands the automization of electronic shelf labels (ESLs). COVID-19 has limited the manpower responsible for the frequent updating of the ESL system. The current ESL uses QR (quick response) codes, NFC (near-field communication), and RFID (radio-frequency identification). These technologies have a short range or need more manpower. LoRa is one of the prominent contenders in this category as it provides long-range connectivity with less energy harvesting and location tracking. It uses many gateways (GWs) to transmit the same data packet to a node, which causes collision at the receiver side. The restriction of the duty cycle (DC) and dependency of acknowledgment makes it unsuitable for use by the common person. The maximum efficiency of pure ALOHA is 18.4%, while that of slotted ALOHA is 36.8%, which makes LoRa unsuitable for industrial use. It can be used for applications that need a low data rate, i.e., up to approximately 27 Kbps. The ALOHA mechanism can cause inefficiency by not eliminating fast saturation even with the increasing number of gateways. The increasing number of gateways can only improve the global performance for generating packets with Poisson law having a uniform distribution of p...
Source: Sensors - Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tags: Article Source Type: research