Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2930: Propolis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds —From Traditional to Modern Extraction Technologies
Molecules, Vol. 26, Pages 2930: Propolis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds—From Traditional to Modern Extraction Technologies
Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules26102930
Authors:
Jelena Šuran
Ivica Cepanec
Tomislav Mašek
Božo Radić
Saša Radić
Ivana Tlak Gajger
Josipa Vlainić
Propolis is a honeybee product known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. It is rich in bioactive molecules whose content varies depending on the botanical and geographical origin of propolis. These bioactive molecules have been studied individually and as a part of propolis extracts, as they can be used as representative markers for propolis standardization. Here, we compare the pharmacological effects of representative polyphenols and whole propolis extracts. Based on the literature data, polyphenols and extracts act by suppressing similar targets, from pro-inflammatory TNF/NF-κB to the pro-proliferative MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, they activate similar antioxidant mechanisms of action, like Nrf2-ARE intracellular antioxidant pathway, and they all have antimicrobial activity. These similarities do not imply that we should attribute the action of propolis solely to the most representative compounds. Moreover, its pharmacological effects will depend on the efficacy of these compounds’ extraction. Thus, we also give an overview of different propolis extraction technologies, from traditional to modern ones, which are environmentally...
Source: Molecules - Category: Chemistry Authors: Jelena Šuran Ivica Cepanec Tomislav Ma šek Bo žo Radić Sa ša Radić Ivana Tlak Gajger Josipa Vlaini ć Tags: Review Source Type: research