Proteome analysis of human adipocytes identifies depot-specific heterogeneity at metabolic control points

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Apr 12. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAdipose tissue is a primary regulator of energy balance and metabolism. The distribution of adipose tissue depots is of clinical interest because the accumulation of upper-body subcutaneous (ASAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, whereas lower-body gluteal-femoral adipose tissue (GFAT) appears to be protective. There is heterogeneity in morphology and metabolism of adipocytes obtained from different regions of the body, but detailed knowledge of the constituent proteins in each depot is lacking. Here, we determined the human adipocyte proteome from ASAT, VAT and GFAT using high-resolution SWATH mass spectrometry proteomics. We quantified 4220 proteins in adipocytes, and 2329 proteins were expressed in all three adipose depots. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences between adipocytes from different regions (6 and 8% when comparing VAT vs.ASAT and GFAT, 3% when comparing the subcutaneous adipose tissue depots, ASAT and GFAT), with marked differences in proteins that regulate metabolic functions. The VAT adipocyte proteome was overrepresented with proteins of glycolysis, lipogenesis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The GFAT adipocyte proteome predicted activation of PPARĪ±, fatty acid and BCAA oxidation, enhanced TCA cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation, which was supported by metabolomic data...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - Category: Endocrinology Authors: Source Type: research