Topical estrogens and non-hormonal preparations for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: An EMAS clinical guide
Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), a component of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), is caused by estrogen deficiency. It is characterized by symptoms of dryness, burning, itching and dyspareunia [1]. It is well established that it has a negative impact on a woman's general and sexual quality of life as well as the quality of her personal relationships [2]. VVA is also associated with urinary tract problems, such as frequent urination, urge incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. GSM includes both genital and urinary symptoms [1].
Source: Maturitas - Category: Primary Care Authors: Angelica Lind én Hirschberg, Johannes Bitzer, Antonio Cano, Iuliana Ceausu, Peter Chedraui, Fatih Durmusoglu, Risto Erkkola, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Ludwig Kiesel, Patrice Lopes, Amos Pines, Mick van Trotsenburg, Margaret Rees, Irene Lambrinoudaki Source Type: research