Reduced cellular glucose transport confers natural protection against dextrose ‐induced superoxide generation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in domestic hen

Normal blood glucose levels in avian species are twofold to fourfold higher than that in humans and birds do not suffer from diabetes ‐related complications. Compared to human cells, dextrose‐induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress are blunted in avian coronary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The reduced dextrose‐induced cell stress in avian cells is secondary to reduced cellular glucose uptake. Intrin sically reduced glucose transport in avian species protects birds from glucotoxicity. AbstractNormal blood glucose levels in avian species are two to fourfold higher than that in humans and the higher blood glucose levels in birds do not cause adverse effects. Endothelial cells isolated from the aorta of the domestic hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) and chicken aortic smooth muscle cells (CAOSMC) were compared to human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and human primary aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Superoxide (SO) generation was measured using a superoxide ‐reactive probe. ER stress was measured using the placental alkaline phosphatase assay (ES‐TRAP). Glucose transport kinetics were determined using the3H ‐2‐deoxyglucose tracer. Dextrose‐induced SO generation and ER stress were significantly blunted in avian endothelial cells compared to human cells. The Vmax of glucose uptake (in nmoles/mg protein/min) in avian endothelial cells (0.0018 ± 0.0001) and smooth muscle cells (0.0015 ± 0.0007) was approximately 18–25 fold ...
Source: Physiological Reports - Category: Physiology Authors: Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research