Pharmacotherapy for Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Current Status and Future Directions

AbstractIn this review, we consider issues relating to the pharmacological treatment of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD in preschool-age children has a profound impact on psychosocial function and developmental trajectory. Clinical studies on pharmacotherapies for ADHD in young children have expanded rapidly in the past 2 decades, providing some evidence of efficacy for both psychostimulant and non-psychostimulant medications. However, preschool children may be more susceptible to adverse effects of medications, including growth reduction and cardiovascular side effects. Many questions remain regarding the long-term safety and effectiveness of these interventions; thus more research is needed to help clinicians evaluate the risk –benefit ratio for preschoolers with ADHD. As this body of knowledge grows, providers should consider the level of impairment caused by current symptoms in the risk–benefit analysis. Families should be educated not just about potential effects of medication but known complications of untreated A DHD; parents will likely not fully appreciate the long-term psychological effects of chronic behavioral problems and underachievement on a young child. A blanket “wait and see” approach should be avoided, in order to prevent a permanent loss of self-esteem and motivation that may affect some chi ldren throughout their lifespan.
Source: CNS Drugs - Category: Neurology Source Type: research