Effects of a Mediterranean diet on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies
Objective:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of MedDiet on blood pressure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and associations of MedDiet with risk of hypertension in observational studies.
Methods:
PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EBSCOhost were searched from inception until January 2020 for studies that met the following criteria: participants aged at least 18 years, RCTs investigating effects of a MedDiet versus control on BP, observational studies exploring associations between MedDiet adherence and risk of hypertension. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for RCTs to identify potential effect moderators.
Results:
Nineteen RCTs reporting data on 4137 participants and 16 observational studies reporting data on 59 001 participants were included in the meta-analysis. MedDiet interventions reduced SBP and DBP by a mean −1.4 mmHg (95% CI: −2.40 to −0.39 mmHg, P = 0.007, I2 = 53.5%, Q = 44.7, τ2 = 1.65, df = 19) and −1.5 mmHg (95% CI: −2.74 to −0.32 mmHg, P = 0.013, I2 = 71.5%, Q = 51.6, τ2 = 4.72, df = 19) versus control, respectively. Meta-regression revealed that longer study duration and higher baseline SBP was associated with a greater decrease in BP, in response to a MedDiet (P
Source: Journal of Hypertension - Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Treatment Source Type: research