Beyond mitochondria: alternative energy-producing pathways from all strata of life

It is well-established that mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency. However, the most significant strengths of the electron transport chain (ETC), its intricacy and efficiency, are also its greatest downfalls. A reliance on metal complexes (FeS clusters, hemes), lipid moities such as cardiolipin, and cofactors including alpha-lipoic acid and quinones render oxidative phosphorylation vulnerable to environmental toxins, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and fluctuations in diet.

Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - February 22, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Christopher Auger, Roohi Vinaik, Vasu D. Appanna, Marc G. Jeschke Source Type: research