Protein-bound uremic toxin lowering strategies in chronic kidney disease: a  systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis demonstrated that prebiotics, synbiotics, and AST-120 can effectively reduce both serum indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in CKD patients when compared with placebo. Preservation of RRF was associated with lower serum indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate levels. The effect of biotic supplements was detected only in dialysis patients. For non-dialysis CKD patients, the results were limited due to the small number of studies. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy in these populations. PMID: 33484425 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Nephrology - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: J Nephrol Source Type: research