Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children: Emerging Paradigms in Genetics and New Approaches to Therapy

AbstractPurpose of ReviewAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children remains a challenging disease to cure with suboptimal outcomes particularly when compared to the more common lymphoid leukemias. Recent advances in the genetic characterization of AML have enhanced understanding of individualized patient risk, which has also led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key cytogenetic and molecular features of pediatric AML and how new therapies are being used to improve outcomes.Recent FindingsRecent studies have revealed an increasing number of mutations, includingWT1,CBFA2T3-GLIS2, andKAT6A fusions,DEK-NUP214 andNUP98 fusions, and specificKMT2A rearrangements, which are associated with poor outcomes. However, outcomes are starting to improve with the addition of therapies such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin andFLT3 inhibitors, initially developed in adult AML.SummaryThe combination of advanced risk stratification and ongoing improvements and innovations in treatment strategy will undoubtedly lead to better outcomes for children with AML.
Source: Current Oncology Reports - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research