Triphenylphosphonium-conjugated glycol chitosan microspheres for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery.

Triphenylphosphonium-conjugated glycol chitosan microspheres for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Nov 20;: Authors: Lee YH, In Park H, Chang WS, Choi JS Abstract To develop an efficient vector for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery, we synthesized triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-modified glycol chitosan polymeric microspheres that had a unique chemical structure with both lipophilic phenyl groups and cationic phosphonium. Notably, TPP can easily pass through the phospholipid bilayer of mitochondria, thereby resulting in specific accumulation of a combined drug molecule in the mitochondria due to the membrane potential between TPP and its membrane. Therefore, TPP has been widely used as a mitochondria-targeting moiety. Triphenylphosphonium-glycol chitosan derivatives (GC-TPP and GME-TPP) with two different degrees of substitution (11% and 36%) were prepared by amidation and Michael addition. The chemical structures of GC-TPP and GME-TPP were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and their sizes were measured via field emission scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Cellular uptake through flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopy confirmed that both GC-TPP and GME-TPP were well introduced into cells, targeting the mitochondria. In addition, cytotoxicity testing of the most common cell lines, such as HEK293, HeLa, NIH3T3, and HepG...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tags: Int J Biol Macromol Source Type: research