The Role of Epigenetics in the Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyp

AbstractPurpose of ReviewChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and heterogeneous inflammatory disease. The underlying epigenetic mechanisms and treatment of CRSwNP are partially understood. Of the different epigenetic changes in CRSwNP, histone deacetylases (HDACs), methylation of DNA, and the levels of miRNA are widely studied. Here, we review the human studies of epigenetic mechanisms in CRSwNP.Recent FindingsThe promoters of COL18A1, PTGES, PLAT, and TSLP genes are hypermethylated in CRSwNP compared with those of controls, while the promoters of PGDS, ALOX5AP, LTB4R, IL-8, and FZD5 genes are hypomethylated in CRSwNP. Promoter hypermethylation suppresses the gene expression, while promoter hypomethylation increases the gene expression. Studies have shown the elevation in the levels of HDAC2, HDAC4, and H3K4me3 in CRSwNP. In CRSwNP patients, there is also an upregulation of certain miRNAs including miR-125b, miR-155, miR-19a, miR-142-3p, and miR-21 and downregulation of miR-4492. Epigenetics takes part in the immunology of CRSwNP and may give rise to endotypes of CRSwNP. Both HDAC2 and the miRNA including miR-18a, miR-124a, and miR-142-3p may take function in the regulation of glucocorticoid resistance. HDAC inhibitors and KDM2B have shown effectiveness in decreasing nasal polyp, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) or HDAC inhibitors may have a potential efficacy for the treatment of CRSwNP.SummaryRecent advances in the epigenetics of CRSwNP have led to ...
Source: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports - Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research