Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability: sibling analysis in an intergenerational Danish cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are inconsistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID risk. By estimating a within-family effect, our results suggest that prior associations were the result of unmeasured genetic or environmental characteristics of families in which the mother smokes during pregnancy.
PMID: 33050963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Psychological Medicine - Category: Psychiatry Authors: Madley-Dowd P, Kalkbrenner AE, Heuvelman H, Heron J, Zammit S, Rai D, Schendel D Tags: Psychol Med Source Type: research
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