Periodontal Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: A Case –Control Study in Smokers and Non-Smokers

ConclusionSmoking damages the periodontium of even healthy individuals, but the damage is multiplied in a smoker who has DM, even though the effect of DM alone on periodontium health is relatively mild. Our results suggest a synergy between DM and smoking in terms of damage to the periodontal tissues, but the limited sample size of this study does not allow any hard conclusion to be drawn.
Source: Diabetes Therapy - Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research