Role of DAMPs and of Leukocytes Infiltration in Ischemic Stroke: Insights from Animal Models and Translation to the Human Disease.

Role of DAMPs and of Leukocytes Infiltration in Ischemic Stroke: Insights from Animal Models and Translation to the Human Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2020 Sep 29;: Authors: Stanzione R, Forte M, Cotugno M, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Rubattu S Abstract Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). The contributory role of the inflammatory and immunity processes was demonstrated both in vitro and in animal models, and was confirmed in humans. IS evokes an immediate inflammatory response that involves complex cellular and molecular mechanisms. All components of the innate and adaptive immunity systems are involved in several steps of the ischemic cascade. In the early phase, inflammatory and immune mechanisms contribute to the brain tissue damage, whereas, in the late phase, they participate to the tissue repair processes. In particular, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) appear critical for the promotion of altered blood brain barrier permeability, leukocytes infiltration, tissue edema and brain injury. Conversely, the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) plays protective effects. The identification of specific cellular/molecular elements belonging to the inflammatory and immune responses, contributing to the brain ischemic injury and tissue remodeling, offers the advantage to design adequate therapeutic strategies. In this art...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology - Category: Cytology Authors: Tags: Cell Mol Neurobiol Source Type: research