Magnetic resonance imaging of Bal ó’s concentric sclerosis: Literature review and presentation of two focused cases

This review aims to describe two cases of Bal ò’s Concentric Sclerosis (BCS) and to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature. Through the analysis of current imaging practice, our purpose is to help clinicians reach early diagnosis, thus enhancing the chances of a more successful outcome for the patients. AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe two cases of Bal ó’s concentric sclerosis, and to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature. This dissertation is the result of a critical analysis matching the literature and our professional experience. Data were synthesized into a narrative review. BCS is often referred to as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is still unclear whether BCS is an acute variant of MS or a distinct entity that happens to coexist with MS. BCS and MS‐like lesions might be present at the same time. BCS lesions are characterized by a large concentric “onion‐like” shape on MRI T2‐weighted images composed of alt ernating hypointense and hyperintense layers. On contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images, BCS active lesions usually show an enhancing and non‐enhancing pattern. The advancing edge of demyelination could be represented by peripheral restricted diffusion and contrast enhancement. Baló’s lesions is mainly found in the supratentorial white matter; however; the cerebellum, the brainstem and the spinal cord might be affected as well. The present two cases both showed onion‐like lesions; case 1 showed typical BCS ...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - Category: Neurology Authors: Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research