A case of isolated hypothalamitis with a literature review and a comparison with autoimmune hypophysitis.

A case of isolated hypothalamitis with a literature review and a comparison with autoimmune hypophysitis. Endocr J. 2020 Sep 19;: Authors: Niri T, Horie I, Kawahara H, Ando T, Fukuhara N, Nishioka H, Inoshita N, Fujisawa H, Suzuki A, Sugimura Y, Abiru N, Kawakami A Abstract Idiopathic hypothalamitis is a rare condition that can cause anterior pituitary dysfunction and central diabetes insipidus (CDI), occasionally accompanied by a disturbance of autonomic regulation known as hypothalamic syndrome. This condition has been described as a subtype of autoimmune (lymphocytic) hypophysitis; however, some cases of isolated hypothalamic involvement with no inflammatory lesions in either the pituitary gland or infundibulum have been reported. The detailed epidemiology and pathophysiology of isolated hypothalamitis have not been clarified. We herein report a case of a solitary hypothalamic lesion in a young woman who showed spontaneous development of CDI and panhypopituitarism accompanied by hyperphagia. The hypothalamic lesion increased from 11 × 7 to 17 × 7 mm over 16 months based on the sagittal slices of magnetic resonance imaging examinations. The negative results for anti-pituitary antibodies and anti-Rabphilin-3A antibodies suggested that upward extension of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis or infundibulo-neurohypophysitis was unlikely. Infectious disease, granulomatosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, vasculitis, and systemic neoplastic...
Source: Endocrine Journal - Category: Endocrinology Tags: Endocr J Source Type: research