A critical assessment of the potential of pharmacological modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases to treat the diseases of bone loss.

A critical assessment of the potential of pharmacological modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases to treat the diseases of bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Sep 04;:173541 Authors: Mittal M, Bhagwati S, Siddiqi MI, Chattopadhyay N Abstract Chronic alcoholism (CA) decreases bone mass and increases the risk of hip fracture. Alcohol and its main metabolite, acetaldehyde impairs osteoblastogenesis by increasing oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in clearing acetaldehyde from the body. The clinical relevance of ALDH in skeletal function has been established by the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP (rs671) in the ALDH2 gene giving rise to an inactive form of the enzyme (ALDH2*2) that causes increased serum acetaldehyde and osteoporosis in the affected individuals. Subsequent mouse genetics studies have replicated human phenotype in mice and confirmed the non-redundant role of ALDH2 in bone homeostasis. The activity of ALDH2 is amenable to pharmacological modulation. ALDH2 inhibition by disulfiram (DSF) and activation by alda-1 cause reduction and induction of bone formation, respectively. DSF also inhibits peak bone mass accrual in growing rats. On the other hand, DSF showed an anti-osteoclastogenic effect and protected mice from alcohol-induced osteopenia by inhibiting ALDH1a1 in bone marrow monocytes. Besides DSF, there are several classes of ALDH inhibitors with disparate skeletal eff...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research