Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 2317: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tough Challenge
Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 2317: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Tough Challenge
Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12082317
Authors:
Federica Marmorino
Alessandra Boccaccino
Marco Maria Germani
Alfredo Falcone
Chiara Cremolini
The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors provided remarkable achievements in several solid tumors but only 5% of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, i.e., those with bearing microsatellite instable (MSI-high)/deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) tumors, benefit from this approach. The favorable effect of immunotherapy in these patients has been postulated to be due to an increase in neoantigens due to their higher somatic mutational load, also associated with an abundant infiltration of immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). While in patients with dMMR tumors checkpoint inhibitors allow achieving durable response with dramatic survival improvement, current results in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS or MSI-low)/proficient DNA mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors are disappointing. These tumors show low mutational load and absence of “immune-competent” TME, and are intrinsically resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Modifying the interplay among cancer cells, TME and host immune system is the aim of multiple lines of research in order to enhance the immunogenicity of pMMR mCRC, and exploit immunotherapy also in this field. Here, we focus on the rationale behin...
Source: Cancers - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Federica Marmorino Alessandra Boccaccino Marco Maria Germani Alfredo Falcone Chiara Cremolini Tags: Review Source Type: research
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