Scientists pinpoint surprising new function for histones

FINDINGSUCLA scientists have identified a new function for histones, the spool-shaped proteins that regulate gene expression and help pack long strands of DNA into cells. The resulting matrix, called chromatin, provides the structural foundation for chromosomes.In a surprising finding thatreceived more than 1,400 “likes” and more than 600 shares on Twitter within the first several days after the study was published, the researchers discovered that histones also function asenzymes that convertcopper into a form that can be used by the body ’s cells.Scientists had assumed that copper spontaneously converted into a usable form once inside the cell. Instead, the UCLA team found that histones facilitate cells ’ use of copper in the presence of oxygen, which normally hinders copper utilization. This, in turn, allows copper to reach its cellular destinations and protein targets, including proteins in mitochondria, cells’ power source. Conversely, the disruption of enzyme activity in histones impairs ma ny cellular processes, such as mitochondrial respiration, which depends on copper to function.METHODCombining techniques from biochemistry and molecular biology, the scientists used baker ’s yeast as a model to show that histones bind to copper and convert it to a usable form.IMPACTThe study suggests that the presence of histones in an ancestor of eukaryotes — cells that contain a nucleus — played an essential role some 2 billion years ago in the evolution of history...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news