The role of genetic polymorphism within PD-L1 gene in cancer. Review.

The role of genetic polymorphism within PD-L1 gene in cancer. Review. Exp Mol Pathol. 2020 Jul 14;:104494 Authors: Kula A, Dawidowicz M, Kiczmer P, Seńkowska AP, Świętochowska E Abstract The maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system depends on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Programmed death ligand (PD-L1) is a molecule which downregulates the immune system targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). Under physiological conditions, the receptor is constitutively expressed in lymphocytes. The PD-L1 / PD-1 pathway plays a key role in completing the immune response in the right way, preventing excessive stimulation of the cells of the immune system, protecting the organism against autoimmunity. Under pathological conditions PD-L1 expression may take place in tumor cells. Binding of PD-1 to its ligand on tumor cells suppresses T lymphocytes through a negative feedback. This mechanism allows abnormal cells to avoid destruction by the host immune system. The expression of PD-L1 in tumors has been described in many histological types of cancer: melanoma, lung cancer, breast and ovarian, pancreatic and esophagus adenocarcinoma, kidney tumors and bladder cancers as well as in hematopoietic malignancies. Many studies report a significant effect of PD-L1 polymorphisms on clinical parameters of patients. Studies of PD-L1 polymorphisms showed their influence on the stage of cancer, effectiveness of chemothera...
Source: Experimental and Molecular Pathology - Category: Pathology Authors: Tags: Exp Mol Pathol Source Type: research