Laparoscopy combining with ureteroscopy for horseshoe kidney accompanying with duplicate kidney and a ureteral calculus: a case report

Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a common renal fusion anomaly, occurring in about 1 in 400 –600 individuals. In addition, the incidence of duplicated collecting system is about 0.8%.
Source: BMC Urology - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Case report Source Type: research