Neuroinflammatory Responses and Parkinson ’ Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, which mainly impairs the motor system. However, the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Gene–environment complex interaction leads to selective dopaminergic neuron death in PD. G rowing evidences supports that neuroinflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This review critically discusses current studies on the inflammatory response of the pathological process of PD. The mechanisms and strategies of modifying inflammatory responses would be potential tre atments for neurodegenerative diseases.Graphical abstractActivated microglia canpromote the damage ofdopaminergic neurons, which inturn aggravates the activation ofmicroglia in the process of PD. Atthe same time, microglia canactivate astrocytes throughproliferation and secretion ofinflammatory factors. The role ofastrocytes on the loss ofdopaminergic neurons is stillcontroversial in PD. (Nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs. adiposed-derived stemcells, ADSCs.nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide phosphate,NADPH. signal transducers andactivators of transcription,STAT.DJ-1,Aliases forPARK7.mesencephalic astrocytederivedneurotrophic factor,MANF.Ciliary neurotrophicfactor,CNTF.glial cell linederivedneurotrophic factor,GDNF.Wnt Family Member1,Wnt1).Graphical abstractMitochondrial dysfunction causes neuroinflammation throughDAMPs and a series of factors such as oxidative ...
Source: Journal of NeuroImmune Pharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research