Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 1314: Rafoxanide Induces Immunogenic Death of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 1314: Rafoxanide Induces Immunogenic Death of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers12051314
Authors:
Antonio Di Grazia
Federica Laudisi
Davide Di Fusco
Eleonora Franzè
Angela Ortenzi
Ivan Monteleone
Giovanni Monteleone
Carmine Stolfi
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death in the world. Emerging evidence suggests that the clinical success of conventional chemotherapy does not merely rely on cell toxicity, but also results from the restoration of tumor immune surveillance. Anti-tumor immune response can be primed by immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of apoptosis associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induction and the expression/release of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Unfortunately, a limited number of ICD inducers have been identified so far. The anti-helmintic drug rafoxanide has recently showed anti-tumor activity in different cancer types, including CRC. As such latter effects relied on ERS activation, we here investigated whether rafoxanide could promote ICD of CRC cells. The potential of rafoxanide to induce ICD-related DAMPs in both human and mouse CRC cells was assessed by flow-cytometry, chemiluminescent assay and ELISA. In addition, the immunogenic potential of rafoxanide was assessed in vivo using a vaccination assay. Rafoxanide induced all the main DAMPs (ecto-calreticulin exposure, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/high mobility group box 1 (H...
Source: Cancers - Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Antonio Di Grazia Federica Laudisi Davide Di Fusco Eleonora Franz è Angela Ortenzi Ivan Monteleone Giovanni Monteleone Carmine Stolfi Tags: Article Source Type: research
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