Novel insights into the enterotoxigenic potential and genomic background of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk.

In this study, 53 Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains were typed by 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) typing and staphylococcal enterotoxin gene (SEg) typing for all the staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin (sel) genes known to date, revealing a higher discriminatory power than that of multi locus sequence typing. Six strains, one of each ISR- and SEg-type, were genome sequenced and the ability to produce some classical and new SEs when growing in milk was investigated. The manual analysis of the six genomes allowed us to confirm, correct and expand the results of common available genomic data pipelines such as VirulenceFinder. Moreover, it enabled us to (i) investigate the actual location of se and sel genes, even for genes such as selY, whose location (in the core genome) was so far unknown, (ii) find novel allelic variants of se and sel genes and pseudogenes, (iii) correctly annotate se and sel genes and pseudogenes, and (iv) discover a novel type of enterotoxin gene cluster (egc), i.e. the egc type 5 in strains 356P and 364P, while S. argenteus MSHR1132 harbored the egc type 6. Four of the six S. aureus strains produced sufficient amounts of SEA, SEC, SED and SEH in milk to cause staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), with S. aureus 372 P being the highest producer of SED in milk found to date, producing as much as ca. 47,300 ng/mL and 49,200 ng/mL of SED, after 24 and 48 h of incubation in milk at 37 °C, respectively. S. ...
Source: Food Microbiology - Category: Food Science Authors: Tags: Food Microbiol Source Type: research