A presumptive role of lower ureteral angles in the difficulty of ureteral access sheath insertion during retrograde intrarenal surgery

ConclusionThe ureteral angle determined by the level of the bladder outlet and the most lateral portion of the lower ureter could be a causative factor for the failure of ureteral access sheath insertion.
Source: International Urology and Nephrology - Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research