Evolution of < i > kdr < /i > haplotypes in worldwide populations of < i > Aedes aegypti < /i > : Independent origins of the F1534C < i > kdr < /i > mutation

by Luciano Veiga Cosme, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Adalgisa Caccone, Jeffrey Robert Powell, Ademir Jesus MartinsAedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and urban yellow fever. Insecticides are often the most effective tools to rapidly decrease the density of vector populations, especially during arbovirus disease outbreaks. However, the intense use of insecticides, particularly pyrethroids, has selected for resistant mosquito populations worldwide. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (NaV) are among the principal mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT, also known as “knockdown resistance,”kdr. Here we report studies on the origin and dispersion ofkdr haplotypes in samples ofAe.aegypti from its worldwide distribution. We amplified the IIS6 and IIIS6NaV segments from pools ofAe.aegypti populations from 15 countries, in South and North America, Africa, Asia, Pacific, and Australia. The amplicons were barcoded and sequenced usingNGS Ion Torrent. Output data were filtered and analyzed using the bioinformatic pipeline Seekdeep to determine frequencies of the IIS6 and IIIS6 haplotypes per population. Phylogenetic relationships among the haplotypes were used to infer whether thekdr mutations have a single or multiple origin. We found 26 and 18 haplotypes, respectively for the IIS6 and IIIS6 segments, among which were the knownkdr mutations 989P, 1011M, 1016I and 1016G (IIS6), 1520I, and 1534C (IIIS6). The highest diversity of haplotypes was ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Source Type: research