The eye, the kidney & cardiovascular disease: old concepts, better tools & new horizons

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common with hypertension and diabetes mellitus acting as major risk factors for its development. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and the most frequent endpoint of CKD. There is an urgent need for more precise methods to identify patients at risk of CKD and cardiovascular disease. Alterations in microvascular structure and function contribute to the development of hypertension, diabetes, CKD and their associated cardiovascular disease.
Source: Kidney International - Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Tags: Review Source Type: research