A P53-Independent DNA Damage Response Suppresses Oncogenic Proliferation and Genome Instability

Publication date: 4 February 2020Source: Cell Reports, Volume 30, Issue 5Author(s): Katerina D. Fagan-Solis, Dennis A. Simpson, Rashmi J. Kumar, Luciano G. Martelotto, Lisle E. Mose, Naim U. Rashid, Alice Y. Ho, Simon N. Powell, Y. Hannah Wen, Joel S. Parker, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, John H.J. Petrini, Gaorav P. GuptaSummaryThe Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex is a DNA double-strand break sensor that mediates a tumor-suppressive DNA damage response (DDR) in cells undergoing oncogenic stress, yet the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. Using a genetically inducible primary mammary epithelial cell model, we demonstrate that Mre11 suppresses proliferation and DNA damage induced by diverse oncogenic drivers through a p53-independent mechanism. Breast tumorigenesis models engineered to express a hypomorphic Mre11 allele exhibit increased levels of oncogene-induced DNA damage, R-loop accumulation, and chromosomal instability with a characteristic copy number loss phenotype. Mre11 complex dysfunction is identified in a subset of human triple-negative breast cancers and is associated with increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapy and inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Thus, deficiencies in the Mre11-dependent DDR drive proliferation and genome instability patterns in p53-deficient breast cancers and represent an opportunity for therapeutic exploitation.Graphical Abstract

Source: Cell Reports - February 6, 2020 Category: Cytology Source Type: research