Epigenetic mechanisms of stress and depression.

Epigenetic mechanisms of stress and depression. Psychiatr Pol. 2019 Dec 31;53(6):1413-1428 Authors: Chmielewska N, Szyndler J, Maciejak P, Płaźnik A Abstract The etiopathogenesis of mood disorders is not fully understood. Among different possible causes, the involvement of genetic factors is taken into account. The manifestation of clinical symptoms cannot be assigned to a single gene mutation, thus the epigenetic association in the origin of those illnesses is suggested. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression, evoked by environmental stimuli rests upon producing persistent changes in its expression. There are several epigenetic mechanisms that change the accessibility of DNA to transcriptional factors such as acetylation/deacetylation and methylation/demethylation of the histones or an introduction of methyl groups to the cytosine of the DNA. Early and adult stress exposure is believed to have an association with epigenetic alteration of genes involved in mood regulation, for example, genes involved in the regulation of the HPA axis activity (NR3C1) or responsible for the serotonergic neurotransmission (SLC6A4). The data coming from epigenetic research indicate that mechanism of action of some antidepressants such as fluoxetine and escitalopram or mood stabilizers such as valproicacid, is at least partly associated with the epigenetic processes. Moreover, the epigenetic changes in some genes are believed to be promising diag...
Source: Psychiatria Polska - Category: Psychiatry Tags: Psychiatr Pol Source Type: research