Clinical application of immune checkpoints in targeted immunotherapy of prostate cancer.

Clinical application of immune checkpoints in targeted immunotherapy of prostate cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Jan 31;: Authors: Jafari S, Molavi O, Kahroba H, Hejazi MS, Maleki-Dizaji N, Barghi S, Kiaie SH, Jadidi-Niaragh F Abstract Immunotherapy is considered as an effective method for cancer treatment owing to the induction of specific and long-lasting anti-cancer effects. Immunotherapeutic strategies have shown significant success in human malignancies, particularly in prostate cancer (PCa), a major global health issue regarding its high metastatic rates. In fact, the first cancer vaccine approved by FDA was Provenge, which has been successfully used for treatment of PCa. Despite the remarkable success of cancer immunotherapy in PCa, many of the developed immunotherapy methods show poor therapeutic outcomes. Immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by non-functional T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs), and regulatory T cells, has been reported to be the main obstacle to the effectiveness of anti-tumor immune responses induced by an immunotherapy method. The present review particularly focuses on the latest findings of the immune checkpoints (ICPs), including CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, LAG-3, OX40, B7-H3, 4-1BB, VISTA, TIM-3, and ICOS; these checkpoints are able to have immune modulatory effects on the TME of PCa. This paper further discusses different approaches in ICPs targeting therapy and su...
Source: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS - Category: Cytology Authors: Tags: Cell Mol Life Sci Source Type: research