HIV-Associated “Double-Hit” Lymphoma of the Tonsil: A First Reported Case

AbstractDouble-hit lymphoma (DHL) is a unique subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by atleast two rearrangements involvingMYC, BLC2, and/orBCL6. These lymphomas are uncommon and aggressive, responding poorly to typical chemotherapy regimens. Lymphomas rarely arise from the oral cavity or tonsils, and those presenting as a neck mass are predominantly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To date, primary DHL of the tonsils has yet to be described in the literature. Here, we report a case of a 44  year-old male patient with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who presented with a sore throat. He subsequently developed acute respiratory compromise due to a rapidly enlarging tonsillar mass. Pathologic and genetic analysis confirmed the presence ofBCL6 andMYC rearrangements suggestive of DHL of the tonsils. In a young patient with HIV and a neck mass, it is essential that lymphoma remains on the list of differential diagnoses as prompt diagnosis and treatment may prevent complications from its rapid expansion.
Source: Head and Neck Pathology - Category: Pathology Source Type: research