Prolonged Melittin Release from Polyelectrolyte-Based Nanocomplexes Decreases Acute Toxicity and Improves Blood Glycemic Control in a Mouse Model of Type II Diabetes

Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020Source: International Journal of PharmaceuticsAuthor(s): Zaizhi Gui, Jinchang Zhu, Song Ye, Juan Ye, Jiao Chen, Yuanyuan Ling, Xueting Cai, Peng Cao, Zhiyu He, Chunping HuAbstractGating modifier toxins (GMTs) from animal venom have shown great potential in controlling blood glucose levels in type II diabetes (T2D), but their high acute toxicity and quick clearance in the body hamper their potential therapeutic use. Inspired by their highly positive charge, we have developed a nanocomplex system based on polyelectrolytes, in which strong interactions form between positively charged GMTs and negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS). Using melittin as a model GMT and adapting flash nanocomplexation (FNC) technology for complex preparation, uniform nanocomplexes (polydispersity index: ∼0.1) with high melittin encapsulation efficiency (∼100%), high payload capacity (∼30%), and tunable release profiles were formulated. In contrast to the high acute liver toxicity and low survival rate (60% after 8 days) observed after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 3 mg/kg free melittin, melittin-loaded nanocomplexes displayed improved safety (100% survival after 8 days) due to prolonged melittin release. In a mouse model of T2D, a single i.p. injection of nanocomplexes decreased the blood glucose level to 12 mmol/L within 12 h and maintained it within the therapeutic range (< 15 mmol/L) for 48 h. In addition, body weight decr...
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutics - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research