Exposure to Violence and Neglect Images Differentially Influences Fear Learning and Extinction.

Exposure to Violence and Neglect Images Differentially Influences Fear Learning and Extinction. Biol Psychol. 2020 Jan 02;:107832 Authors: Modecki KL, Murphy LK, Waters AM Abstract The mechanisms by which exposure to adversity contributes to psychopathology development are poorly understood. Recent models link experiences of threat of harm and deprivation to psychopathology via disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying fear acquisition and extinction. We empirically tested dimensional elements of this model, by examining whether exposure to images of community violence or neglect differentially influenced fear learning and extinction relative to exposure to neutral images. Participants were randomly allocated to one of three exposure conditions: viewing images depicting neglect (n = 25), violence (n = 25) or control images (n = 24). All participants then completed a fear conditioning and extinction task in which the CS + was paired with an aversive tone, and the CS- was presented alone during conditioning. Both CSs were presented alone during extinction and extinction retest. Skin conductance responses (SCR) and subjective ratings were assessed. Relative to control images, viewing scenes of neglect attenuated SCRs to the CSs during conditioning, extinction and extinction retest. Exposure to images of community violence accentuated SCRs during US anticipation on CS + trials and impaired the retention of safety learning (la...
Source: Biological Psychology - Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tags: Biol Psychol Source Type: research