Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Islet Autoantibodies Are Tools to Characterize Type 1 Diabetes in Arab Countries: Emphasis on Kuwait.

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Islet Autoantibodies Are Tools to Characterize Type 1 Diabetes in Arab Countries: Emphasis on Kuwait. Dis Markers. 2019;2019:9786078 Authors: Jahromi M, Al-Ozairi E Abstract The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in Kuwait had been increasing exponentially and has doubled in children ≤ 14 years old within almost two decades. Therefore, there is a dire need for a careful systematic familial cohort study. Several immunogenetic factors affect the pathogenesis of the disease. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) accounts for the major genetic susceptibility to the disease. The triggering agents initiate disease onset by type 1 destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Both HLA and anti-islet antibodies can be used to characterize, predict susceptibility to the disease, innovate, or delay the β-cell destruction. Evidence from prospective longitudinal studies suggested that the underlying disease process represents a continuum that begins before the symptoms are clinically evident. Autoimmunity of the functional pancreatic β-cells results in symptomatic type 1 diabetes and lifelong insulin dependence. The autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin (IAA), and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8A) comprise the most reliable biomarkers for type 1 diabetes in both children and adults. Although Kuwait is the second among the top 10 countries with a high incidence rate o...
Source: Disease Markers - Category: Laboratory Medicine Tags: Dis Markers Source Type: research